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form
lyophilized powder
Quality Level
color
white
solubility
1% acetic acid: 1 mg/mL
water: 1 mg/mL
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
rat ... Ghrl(59301)
Amino Acid Sequence
Gly-Ser-Ser(O-n-octanoyl)-Phe-Leu-Ser-Pro-Glu-His-Gln-Lys-Ala-Gln-Gln-Arg-Lys-Glu-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Pro-Ala-Lys-Leu-Gln-Pro-Arg
General description
Ghrelin is a gut-brain orexigenic peptide that functions in hunger signaling. This peptide is prominently synthesized by stomach and transported to brain. However, a specific subset of hypothalamic neurons also produces this peptide. It is expressed in gastrointestinal tract, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, pituitary, kidney, liver, heart, lung and adipose tissue This peptide is composed of 28 amino acids, and its Ser3 residue is N-octanoylated.
Application
Ghrelin rat has been used for intraperitoneal injections, and microinjections in rats to study its effects on celiac disease, and passive avoidance learning (PAV) and spatial learning, respectively. It has also been used for intracerebroventricular injection in rats to study its influence on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Ghrelin acts as a ligand for G-protein coupled receptor, GHS-R1A (growth hormone secretagogue receptor), and controls energy utilization and feeding. This peptide is involved in enhancing the value of rewarding foods, drugs and alcohol. In rats with diabetes, the expression of ghrelin increased as a result of cachexia. In rats with ovariectomy, the expression of this peptide decreased in the endometrium. This peptide controls cognitive functions and has neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative disorders. In cultured cortical neuronal networks, ghrelin increases the rate of synapse formation and activity development.
Endogenous ligand to the orphan growth-hormone secretagogue receptor that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary.
Physical form
Lyophilized from 0.1% aqueous TFA
Other Notes
Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA in H2O
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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PloS one, 9(5), e97651-e97651 (2014-05-17)
The orexigenic gut-brain peptide, ghrelin and its G-protein coupled receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1A) are pivotal regulators of hypothalamic feeding centers and reward processing neuronal circuits of the brain. These systems operate in a cooperative manner and
Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 24(3), 401-407 (2015-10-16)
Ghrelin is a hormone which has effects on the secretion of growth hormone, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiovascular system, cell proliferation and the reproductive system. This study focused on relative ghrelin and GHS-R1a gene expression in the stomach of long-term diabetic
Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 23(3), 363-370 (2014-07-01)
Ghrelin is a hormone which has effects on the secretion of growth hormone, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiovascular system, cell proliferation and the reproductive system. The aim of this study is to investigate structural changes in the uterine tissue and
BMC neuroscience, 15, 49-49 (2014-04-20)
While ghrelin was initially related to appetite stimulation and growth hormone secretion, it also has a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases and regulates cognitive function. The cellular basis of those processes is related to synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Previous studies
Peptides, 131, 170371-170371 (2020-07-14)
Ghrelin and anandamide (AEA) can regulate the sensitivity of gastric vagal afferents to stretch, an effect mediated via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TPRV1) channel. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity alters the modulatory effects of ghrelin and AEA on
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