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  • Fusarenon-X induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells depends on caspase activation and cytochrome c release.

Fusarenon-X induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells depends on caspase activation and cytochrome c release.

Toxicology (2002-03-08)
Katsuhiro Miura, Leila Aminova, Yuichi Murayama
ABSTRACT

Fusarenon-X (FX), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is well known to be cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Our previous study revealed that FX induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the mode of apoptosis induced by FX using HL-60 cell culture. When FX at a final concentration of 0.5 microg/ml was added, cell degradation was observed 5 h after exposure, and most of the cells had fallen into apoptosis 24 h after exposure. DNA fragmentation into 180-bp multimers was observed 5 h after exposure, and its dose-dependency was clear in the cells treated with 0.1 microg/ml and higher doses. The percentage of apoptotic cells (sub-G(0) population) increased dose- and time-dependently after exposure, when analyzed using flow cytometry. The activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were elevated within 2 h by exposure to FX. DNA fragmentation and an increase in the apoptotic population were abrogated by pre-treating the cells with broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-fmk or Z-Asp-CH(2)-DCB. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm was observed clearly, and this release occurred caspase-independently. These findings suggest that FX induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells by stimulating cytochrome c release followed by its downstream events including the activation of multiple caspases.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Fusarenon X solution, 100 μg/mL in acetonitrile, analytical standard
Supelco
Fusarenon X, analytical standard