A Simple Strategy for Protein Enrichment Using Ultrafiltration

The human plasma proteome is a vast resource for biomarker discovery and investigation. Traditionally, gel filtration chromatography has been used to fractionate protein solutions based on size^1,2. However, gel filtration is laborious, limited by sample size, and time-consuming. It also dilutes the sample significantly. These limitations can be overcome by ultrafiltration, which has been reported^3–5 as a sample preparation method for preparing low molecular weight (<10 kDa) fractions for biomarker analysis. Here, Amicon^® Ultra devices were used to purify cytochrome c from a mixture containing 10% fetal bovine serum.

Method

In this experiment, ultrafiltration devices were used to enrich both low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) fractions from serum. Using a serial filtration approach (Figure 1), proteins were fractionated through decreasing molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) in Amicon^® Ultra 4 mL devices ranging from 100 kDA to 10 kDa MWCO.

Results

This serial enrichment strategy enabled protein compartmentalization and improved throughput as compared to direct filtration using a lower MWCO device (Figure 2, above). Samples prepared using the enrichment stragegy also showed improved purity compared to traditional direct filtration (Figure 3, above). The data show that serial ultrafiltration is a viable approach for size-based protein enrichment.

References

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2. Kent U. 1999. Purification of Antibodies Using Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation or Gel Filtration. Javois L.C. Immunocytochemical Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. 115(1):11-18.

3. Schulz-Knappe P, Schrader M, Ständker L, Richter R, Hess R, Jürgens M, Forssmann W. 1997. Peptide bank generated by large-scale preparation of circulating human peptides. Journal of Chromatography A. 776(1):125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00152-0

4. Basso D, Valerio A, Seraglia R, Mazza S, Piva MG, Greco E, Fogar P, Gallo N, Pedrazzoli S, Tiengo A, et al. 2002. Putative Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Diabetogenic Factor: 2030 MW Peptide. Pancreas. 24(1):8-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006676-200201000-00002

5. Prazeres S, Santos MA, Ferreira HG, Sobrinho LG. 2003. A practical method for the detection of macroprolactinaemia using ultrafiltration. 58(6):686-690. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01721.x