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  • Alternaria-derived serine protease activity drives IL-33-mediated asthma exacerbations.

Alternaria-derived serine protease activity drives IL-33-mediated asthma exacerbations.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology (2014-03-19)
Robert J Snelgrove, Lisa G Gregory, Teresa Peiró, Samia Akthar, Gaynor A Campbell, Simone A Walker, Clare M Lloyd
ABSTRACT

The fungal allergen Alternaria alternata is implicated in severe asthma and rapid onset life-threatening exacerbations of disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie this severe pathogenicity remain unclear. We sought to investigate the mechanism whereby Alternaria was capable of initiating severe, rapid onset allergic inflammation. IL-33 levels were quantified in wild-type and ST2(-/-) mice that lacked the IL-33 receptor given inhaled house dust mite, cat dander, or Alternaria, and the effect of inhibiting allergen-specific protease activities on IL-33 levels was assessed. An exacerbation model of allergic airway disease was established whereby mice were sensitized with house dust mite before subsequently being challenged with Alternaria (with or without serine protease activity), and inflammation, remodeling, and lung function assessed 24 hours later. Alternaria, but not other common aeroallergens, possessed intrinsic serine protease activity that elicited the rapid release of IL-33 into the airways of mice through a mechanism that was dependent upon the activation of protease activated receptor-2 and adenosine triphosphate signaling. The unique capacity of Alternaria to drive this early IL-33 release resulted in a greater pulmonary inflammation by 24 hours after challenge relative to the common aeroallergen house dust mite. Furthermore, this Alternaria serine protease-IL-33 axis triggered a rapid, augmented inflammation, mucus release, and loss of lung function in our exacerbation model. Alternaria-specific serine protease activity causes rapid IL-33 release, which underlies the development of a robust TH2 inflammation and exacerbation of allergic airway disease.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Brefeldin A, from Penicillium brefeldianum, ≥99% (HPLC and TLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Brefeldin A, from Penicillium brefeldianum, Ready Made Solution, 10 mg/mL in DMSO
Supelco
Pefabloc® SC, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Uric acid, ≥99%, crystalline
Sigma-Aldrich
Uric acid, BioXtra, ≥99% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, ≥97.0% (HPLC)