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The molecular dynamics of subdistal appendages in multi-ciliated cells.

Nature communications (2021-01-29)
Hyunchul Ryu, Haeryung Lee, Jiyeon Lee, Hyuna Noh, Miram Shin, Vijay Kumar, Sejeong Hong, Jaebong Kim, Soochul Park
ABSTRACT

The motile cilia of ependymal cells coordinate their beats to facilitate a forceful and directed flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Each cilium originates from a basal body with a basal foot protruding from one side. A uniform alignment of these basal feet is crucial for the coordination of ciliary beating. The process by which the basal foot originates from subdistal appendages of the basal body, however, is unresolved. Here, we show FGFR1 Oncogene Partner (FOP) is a useful marker for delineating the transformation of a circular, unpolarized subdistal appendage into a polarized structure with a basal foot. Ankyrin repeat and SAM domain-containing protein 1A (ANKS1A) interacts with FOP to assemble region I of the basal foot. Importantly, disruption of ANKS1A reduces the size of region I. This produces an unstable basal foot, which disrupts rotational polarity and the coordinated beating of cilia in young adult mice. ANKS1A deficiency also leads to severe degeneration of the basal foot in aged mice and the detachment of cilia from their basal bodies. This role of ANKS1A in the polarization of the basal foot is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates. Thus, ANKS1A regulates FOP to build and maintain the polarity of subdistal appendages.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Anti-Acetylated Tubulin antibody, Mouse monoclonal, clone 6-11B-1, purified from hybridoma cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Anti-Centrin Antibody, clone 20H5, clone 20H5, from mouse
Sigma-Aldrich
Monoclonal Anti-FZD3 antibody produced in mouse, clone 2H5, purified immunoglobulin, buffered aqueous solution