How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

ABSTRACT

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF76893889

Aluminum, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 25.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.999%

GF28435844

Aluminum, microleaf disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 68.8μg/cm², removable support, 99.999%

GF02417677

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF97088068

Aluminum, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF02018236

Aluminum, rod, 50mm, diameter 20.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF64700524

Aluminum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF20500197

Aluminum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF20899604

Aluminum, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF53989497

Aluminum, microleaf disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 120.6μg/cm², removable support, 99.999%

GF14472266

Aluminum, rod, 50mm, diameter 25.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF37288020

Aluminum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF31003456

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF29732496

Aluminum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF35425009

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF70044342

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 30.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF98449576

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF01823284

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF86830566

Aluminum, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF04746472

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF38637850

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF61103146

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF38294646

Aluminum, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF74626342

Aluminum, rod, 500mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF88510383

Aluminum, tube, 1m coil, as drawn, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, 99.5%

GF24582900

Aluminum, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF15509101

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF59425476

Aluminum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF80418269

Aluminum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.6mm, inside diameter 0.3mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF70280669

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF06754013

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 15.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%