Authenticated Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines for Cancer Research

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women, and the third most common in men. For statistics combining men and women, CRC is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. More than half of the CRC cases reported are in developed countries, with the incidence increasing in developing countries. Colorectal cancer accounts for 10% of cancer-related deaths in western countries. Despite innovative therapeutic advances, mortality rates for colorectal cancer patients remains high¹.

Types of cancer

Most colorectal cancers are classified as adenocarcinomas. Other, less common, types include gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), carcinoid or neuroendocrine tumors, small cell carcinomas, and lymphomas, which typically start in cells of the immune system, but can also arise in other organs such as the colon or rectum¹.

Cancer cell panels listed below are derived from adenocarcinoma.

Risk factors

Etiology and risk factors are both genetic and environmental. There is an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer if first-degree family members are positive for the disease¹.  Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity also increase the incidence of colorectal cancer.

Mutations

The most common genes altered (mutations with frequency >30%) in colorectal cancer includes APC, TP53, ERBB2, KRAS, PTEN, and BRAF.

Choose cell lines from the table below based on mutation, and click genes to find relevant products (antibodies, shRNA, siRNA, primers, CRISPR plasmids) for your research study.

Table1. Colorectal cancer cell lines with specific somatic mutations

Mutant gene	Cell lines
APC	CACO2, COLO201, COLO205, GP2D, GP5D, HCT15, HT29, HT55, LOVO, LS123, LS180, MDST8, SW1116,  SW1417, SW403, SW48, SW480, SW620, SW948, T84
TP53	CACO2, HCT15, HT115, HT29, HT55, LS123, SW1116, SW1417, SW403, SW480, SW620, SW948, T84
ERBB2	COLO205, LS180, SW480
KRAS	GP2D, GP5D, HCT116, HCT15, LOVO, LS123, LS180, SW1116, SW403, SW480, SW620, SW948, T84
PTEN	GP2D, GP5D, LS180, MDST8
BRAF	COLO201, COLO205, GP2D, GP5D, HCT116, HT115, HT29, HT55, LOVO, LS180, MDST8, SW1417

Small molecules/monoclonal antibodies

Small molecule compounds and antibodies can be used to target specific cancer cells and block tumor growth and progression. The most common drugs used to target colorectal cancer include:

• 5-Fluorouracil
• Capecitabine
• Irinotecan
• Oxaliplatin
• Trifluridine and tipiracil (combination)

Applications

Cancer cell lines are the foundation for cancer research, and provide an accessible, cost-effective model for cellular behavior and response. Based on the characteristics of the cell line and experimental need, cell lines may be used in one or more applications. Some examples of application-specific cell line use are included below.

Application	Cell line used
Drug response studies	Spheroid models developed from Caco-2, DLD-1, COLO 205, HT-29 and HCT116  mimic the tumor environment and were employed to study drug response2
Evaluation of new treatment strategies	LS174 cell line was used as a model of colon carcinoma to evaluate the efficacy of anti-TAG-72 immunoliposomes3 CR4, a highly tumorigenic cell line, provided an important tool for the development of novel therapeutic strategies4
Target identification/validation	SW480 cell line was used to investigate  β-catenin as a novel target for cancer therapy5
Targeted drug delivery	SW480  was employed to evaluate the efficacy of doxorubicin in conjugation with EGF receptor-binding peptide in doxorubicin-resistant cell lines (targeted delivery)6
Growth factor signaling	HT29-MTX-E12 in the undifferentiated state acts as model for cell-nutrient interaction studies, and was used to study the effect of growth factors on intestinal cell viability7
Cell migration studies	The role of JNK signaling in cell migration and invasion was studied in the  COLO 205 cell line8
In vitro models	OE-19 cell line was used as model for Barrett’s carcinogenesis to study the role of ghrelin on disease pathogenesis9
Metastasis studies	COLO 205 cell line was used as model to study the role of E-cadherin in cancer metastasis10

Product No.	Cell Name	Cell Line Origin
86010202	CACO-2	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
9042001	CACO-2	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma, intestinal permeability characteristics tested
87091201	COLO 201	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
87061208	COLO 205	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
93052620	COLO 206F	Human colon carcinoma
93051118	COLO 320 DMF	Human colon carcinoma
87061205	COLO 320DM	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
87101501	COLO 320HSR	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
93052621	COLO 741	Human colon carcinoma
90062901	DHD/K12/TRb	Rat colonic carcinoma
90102540	DLD-1	Human colon adenocarcinoma
95090714	GP2d	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
95090715	GP5d	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
6061901	HCA-2	Human sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma
6061903	HCA-24	Human colon adenocarcinoma
7031601	HCA-46	Human colon adenocarcinoma
6061902	HCA-7	Human colon adenocarcinoma
9071501	HCA-7 Colony 1	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071506	HCA-7 Colony 11	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071509	HCA-7 Colony 24	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071511	HCA-7 Colony 26	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071513	HCA-7 Colony 27	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
2091238	HCA-7 Colony 29	Human colon carcinoma (subpopulation isolated from the HCA-7 cell line)
9071502	HCA-7 Colony 3	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071516	HCA-7 Colony 30	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
9071504	HCA-7 Colony 6	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma
91091005	HCT 116	Human colon carcinoma
91030712	HCT-15	Human colon adenocarcinoma
85061104	HT115	Human colon carcinoma
91072201	HT29	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
92012401	HT29 gluc C1	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
85061109	HT29/219	Human Caucasian colon carcinoma
85061105	HT55	Human colon carcinoma
88090801	IA-Xs SBR	Holtzmann rat small bowel adenocarcinoma
10092301	LIM1215	Human colorectal carcinoma
87060101	LoVo	Human colon adenocarcinoma
94120801	LS 123	Human colon adenocarcinoma
87060401	LS174T	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
87021202	LS180	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
99011801	MDST8	Human colon carcinoma
87071006	SW 1116	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
90102543	SW 1417	Human colon adenocarcinoma
87071008	SW 403	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
89012702	SW 48	Human colon adenocarcinoma
87092801	SW 480	Human colon adenocarcinoma
87051203	SW 620	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
91030714	SW 948	Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma
88021101	T84	Human colon carcinoma
91011802	WB2054M	Rat colon carcinoma
85111501	WiDr	Human colon adenocarcinoma

References

1. Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Sung JJ, Boelens PG, van de Velde CJH, Watanabe T. 2015. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 1(1): https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.65

2. Hoffmann OI, Ilmberger C, Magosch S, Joka M, Jauch K, Mayer B. 2015. Impact of the spheroid model complexity on drug response. Journal of Biotechnology. 20514-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.029

3. Kim KS, Lee YK, Kim JS, Koo KH, Hong HJ, Park YS. 2008. Targeted gene therapy of LS174?T human colon carcinoma by anti-TAG-72 immunoliposomes. Cancer Gene Ther. 15(5):331-340. https://doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2008.11

4. Rowehl RA, Burke S, Bialkowska AB, Pettet DW, Rowehl L, Li E, Antoniou E, Zhang Y, Bergamaschi R, Shroyer KR, et al. Establishment of Highly Tumorigenic Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (CR4) with Properties of Putative Cancer Stem Cells. PLoS ONE. 9(6):e99091. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099091

5. LI K, ZHOU Z, JI P, LUO H. 2016. Knockdown of ?-catenin by siRNA influences proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of the colon cancer cell line SW480. 11(6):3896-3900. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4481

6. Ai S, Jia T, Ai W, Duan J, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu X, Yang F, Tian Y, Huang Z. 2013. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin through conjugation with EGF receptor-binding peptide overcomes drug resistance in human colon cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol. 168(7):1719-1735. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12055

7. Giromini C, Baldi A, Fusi E, Rebucci R, Purup S. 2015. Effect of growth factors, estradiol 17-?, and short chain fatty acids on the intestinal HT29-MTX cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 31(4-5):199-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-015-9304-y

8. ZHANG Y, LIN L, JIN Y, LIN Y, CAO Y, ZHENG C. 2016. Overexpression of WNT5B promotes COLO 205 cell migration and invasion through the JNK signaling pathway. 36(1):23-30. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4772

9. Konturek PC, Burnat G, Rau T, Hahn EG, Konturek S. 2008. Effect of Adiponectin and Ghrelin on Apoptosis of Barrett Adenocarcinoma Cell Line. Dig Dis Sci. 53(3):597-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-007-9922-1

10. Petrova YI, Schecterson L, Gumbiner BM. 2016. Roles for E-cadherin cell surface regulation in cancer. MBoC. 27(21):3233-3244. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0058