Thermally induced structural evolution and performance of mesoporous block copolymer-directed alumina perovskite solar cells.

Thermally induced structural evolution and performance of mesoporous block copolymer-directed alumina perovskite solar cells.

ACS nano (2014-04-02)

Kwan Wee Tan, David T Moore, Michael Saliba, Hiroaki Sai, Lara A Estroff, Tobias Hanrath, Henry J Snaith, Ulrich Wiesner

PMID24684494

RESUMEN

Structure control in solution-processed hybrid perovskites is crucial to design and fabricate highly efficient solar cells. Here, we utilize in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the structural evolution and film morphologies of methylammonium lead tri-iodide/chloride (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) in mesoporous block copolymer derived alumina superstructures during thermal annealing. We show the CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) material evolution to be characterized by three distinct structures: a crystalline precursor structure not described previously, a 3D perovskite structure, and a mixture of compounds resulting from degradation. Finally, we demonstrate how understanding the processing parameters provides the foundation needed for optimal perovskite film morphology and coverage, leading to enhanced block copolymer-directed perovskite solar cell performance.

MATERIALES

Referencia del producto

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Descripción del producto

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

Alcohol etílico puro, 200 proof, for molecular biology

34863

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2-Propanol, suitable for HPLC, 99.9%

34865

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Tetrahidrofuran, inhibitor-free, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

190764

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2-Propanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

459844

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Alcohol etílico puro, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

438073

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Ácido nítrico, ACS reagent, 70%

319937

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N,N-Dimetilformamida, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%

270547

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N,N-Dimetilformamida, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

179418

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Tolueno, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

C2432

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Cloroformo, contains 100-200 ppm amylenes as stabilizer, ≥99.5%

459828

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Alcohol etílico puro, 200 proof, HPLC/spectrophotometric grade

360589

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Tetrahidrofuran, contains 250 ppm BHT as inhibitor, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

650498

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Cloroformo, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%, contains amylenes as stabilizer

34866

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Tolueno, suitable for HPLC, 99.9%

366927

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Cloroformo, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer

650579

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Tolueno, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%

537993

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1-Butanol, 99.9%

493546

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Alcohol etílico puro, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

210021

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Hydriodic acid, 57 wt. % in H₂O, distilled, stabilized, 99.95%

227056

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N,N-Dimetilformamida, anhydrous, 99.8%

199443

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Óxido de alúmina, activated, basic, Brockmann I

E7148

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Alcohol etílico puro, 190 proof, for molecular biology

319988

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Cloroformo, contains ethanol as stabilizer, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%

650447

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2-Propanol, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, 99.9%

401757

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Tetrahidrofuran, anhydrous, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free

225711

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Ácido nítrico, 70%, purified by redistillation, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

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1-Butanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.4%

I9030

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Alcohol isopropílico, meets USP testing specifications

459836

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Alcohol etílico puro, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

I9516

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2-Propanol, for molecular biology, BioReagent, ≥99.5%