Skip to Content
Merck
  • Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination.

Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (2015-01-31)
Fabiano B Carvalho, Jessié M Gutierres, Crystiani Bohnert, Adriana M Zago, Fátima H Abdalla, Juliano M Vieira, Heloisa E Palma, Sara M Oliveira, Roselia M Spanevello, Marta M Duarte, Sonia T A Lopes, Graciane Aiello, Marta G Amaral, Ney Luis Pippi, Cinthia M Andrade
ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of anthocyanins (ANT) on oxidative and inflammatory parameters, as well as ion pump activities, in the pons of rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide (EB). Rats were divided in six groups: control, ANT 30 mg/kg, ANT 100 mg/kg, EB (0.1%), EB plus ANT 30 mg/kg and EB plus ANT 100 mg/kg. The EB cistern pons injection occurred on the first day. On day 7, there was a peak in the demyelination. During the 7 days, the animals were treated once per day with vehicle or ANT. It was observed that demyelination reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities and increased 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and NO2plus NO3 levels. In addition, a depletion of glutathione reduced level/nonprotein thiol content and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity were also seen. The dose of 100 mg/kg showed a better dose-response to the protective effects. The demyelination did not affect the neuronal viability but did increase the inflammatory infiltrate (myeloperoxidase activity) followed by an elevation in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ levels. ANT promoted a reduction in cellular infiltration and proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, ANT restored the levels of IL-10. Luxol fast blue staining confirmed the loss of myelin in the EB group and the protective effect of ANT 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, this study was the first to show that ANT are able to restore ion pump activities and protect cellular components against the inflammatory and oxidative damages induced by demyelination.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Glycine, analytical standard, for nitrogen determination according to Kjeldahl method
Supelco
Dehydrated Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Glycine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Glycine, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Sigma-Aldrich
Quercetin, ≥95% (HPLC), solid
Supelco
4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane, analytical standard
Supelco
Ethanol solution, certified reference material, 2000 μg/mL in methanol
USP
Sulfanilamide Melting Point Standard, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
(−)-Epinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt, solid
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethylamine, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine, tablet, 1 mg substrate per tablet
Sigma-Aldrich
Ouabain octahydrate, ≥95% (HPLC), powder
Sigma-Aldrich
3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine, ≥98% (TLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, BioXtra, ≥99% (titration)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, ReagentPlus®, ≥99% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Thiobarbituric acid, ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), ≥98%, BioReagent, suitable for determination of sulfhydryl groups
Sigma-Aldrich
Sulfanilamide, ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethylamine, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, suitable for electrophoresis, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, ≥98.5%
Supelco
Sulfanilamide, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine, ≥98.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, tested according to Ph. Eur.
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanadium, powder, −325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, ≥99.5% (GC)
Supelco
3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine, standard for GC
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99-101% (based on anhydrous substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, ≥99.5% (GC)