What is the Diels Alder Reaction?
The Diels-Alder reaction is the reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene (dienophile) to form unsaturated six-membered rings.由於此反應涉及透過環狀過渡狀態形成環狀產物,因此也稱為 "環化反應"。Diels-Alder 反應是一種電環反應,涉及共轭二烯的 4 個 π 電子和親二烯(烯或炔)的 2 個 π 電子的 [4+2]- 環加成。此反應會形成新的σ鍵,在能量上比π鍵更穩定。此反應具有極大的合成重要性,由兩位德國化學家 Otto Diels 和 Kurt Alder 於 1928 年發現。他們於 1950 年獲得諾貝爾獎。1
- 天然和非天然多碳環和多雜環。3
- 取代(四氫)喹啉和多種 N-polyheterocycles,包括一些生物鹼,其中含有吡咯喹啉或環戊喹啉環系統。4
- 吡喃[3,2-c]喹啉類和茚並[2,1-c]喹諾酮類。5
- 對稱取代的 1,8-二氮-9,10-蒽醌衍生物。6
- 由 N-對甲基苯磺酰(αS,β)-β-methyltryptophan 已被用作 2-bromoacrolein 和 furan 的對映選擇性 Diels-Alder 反應的催化劑。此反應導致手性 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene 衍生物的合成。
- 石墨和四氰基乙烯的 Diels-Alder 反應已被用於石墨的機械剥離成石墨烯加成物。10
- 在不使用催化劑的情況下,利用 Diels-Alder "click "反應制備了交聯水凝膠。11
- 在異質銅(II)-雙(噁唑啉)基聚合物固定化離子液相(PIILP)系統催化下, N-丙烯酰噁唑烷酮和環戊二烯之間的不對稱 Diels-Alder 反應。12
- 手性噁唑硼烷-溴化鋁配合物是對映選擇性 Diels-Alder 反應的潛在催化劑。13
- 在分子間和分子內 Diels-Alder 環加成反應中,已研究出半環烯酮作為有效的親二烯化合物。14
- 分析了一系列烯(蒽、9,10-二蒽、四蒽和五蒽)與 C60 fullerene 的 Diels-Alder 加成反應的化學熱力學。15
參考資料
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Smith MB. 2011. Organic Synthesis.
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Kouznetsov VV. 2009. Recent synthetic developments in a powerful imino Diels?Alder reaction (Povarov reaction): application to the synthesis of N-polyheterocycles and related alkaloids. Tetrahedron. 65(14):2721-2750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.059
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Babu G, Perumal PT. 1998. Convenient synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines and indeno[2,1-c] quinolines by imino Diels-Alder reactions. Tetrahedron Letters. 39(20):3225-3228. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00397-9
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Pérez JM, López-Alvarado P, Avendaño C, Menéndez J. 2000. Hetero Diels?Alder Reactions of 1-Acetylamino- and 1-Dimethylamino-1-azadienes with Benzoquinones. Tetrahedron. 56(11):1561-1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00058-2
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Corey E, Loh T. 1993. Catalytic enantioselective diels-alder addition to furan provides a direct synthetic route to many chiral natural products. Tetrahedron Letters. 34(25):3979-3982. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60594-4
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Reus C, Liu N, Bolte M, Lerner H, Wagner M. 2012. Synthesis of Bromo-, Boryl-, and Stannyl-Functionalized 1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyl)benzenes via Diels?Alder or C?H Activation Reactions. J. Org. Chem.. 77(7):3518-3523. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo3002936
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Wei K, Gao H, Li WZ. 2004. Facile Synthesis of Oxabicyclic Alkenes by Ultrasonication-Promoted Diels?Alder Cycloaddition of Furano Dienes. J. Org. Chem.. 69(17):5763-5765. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo049210a
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Ji Z, Chen J, Huang L, Shi G. High-yield production of highly conductive graphene via reversible covalent chemistry. Chem. Commun.. 51(14):2806-2809. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09144b
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García-Astrain C, Algar I, Gandini A, Eceiza A, Corcuera MÁ, Gabilondo N. 2015. Hydrogel synthesis by aqueous Diels-Alder reaction between furan modified methacrylate and polyetheramine-based bismaleimides. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.. 53(5):699-708. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27495
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Doherty S, Knight JG, Ellison JR, Goodrich P, Hall L, Hardacre C, Muldoon MJ, Park S, Ribeiro A, de Castro CAN, et al. An efficient Cu(ii)-bis(oxazoline)-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst for asymmetric carbon?carbon bond formation. Green Chem.. 16(3):1470-1479. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41378k
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Liu D, Canales E, Corey EJ. 2007. Chiral Oxazaborolidine?Aluminum Bromide Complexes Are Unusually Powerful and Effective Catalysts for Enantioselective Diels?Alder Reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 129(6):1498-1499. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja068637r
14.
Ross AG, Townsend SD, Danishefsky SJ. 2013. Halocycloalkenones as Diels?Alder Dienophiles. Applications to Generating Useful Structural Patterns. J. Org. Chem.. 78(1):204-210. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo302230m
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Cataldo F, García-Hernández DA, Manchado A. 2015. Chemical Thermodynamics Applied to the Diels?Alder Reaction of C60Fullerene with Polyacenes. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures. 23(9):760-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2014.997354
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