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Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (2012-03-20)
Yinan Hua, Suzanne Clark, Jun Ren, Nair Sreejayan
ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular anomalies and is a major health problem approaching global epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance, a prediabetic condition, precedes the onset of frank type 2 diabetes and offers potential avenues for early intervention to treat the disease. Although lifestyle modifications and exercise can reduce the incidence of diabetes, compliance has proved to be difficult, warranting pharmacological interventions. However, most of the currently available drugs that improve insulin sensitivity have adverse effects. Therefore, attractive strategies to alleviate insulin resistance include dietary supplements. One such supplement is chromium, which has been shown to reduce insulin resistance in some, but not all, studies. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance remain elusive. This review examines emerging reports on the effect of chromium, as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms by which chromium may provide beneficial effects in alleviating insulin resistance.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Chromium, chips, 99.995% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Chromium, chips, thickness ~2 mm, 99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Chromium, powder, ≥99% trace metals basis, <45 μm
Sigma-Aldrich
Chromium, powder, 99.5%, −100 mesh
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, bar, 100mm x 2mm x 2mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%
Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025μm, specific density 18.21μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99+%
Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.04mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.05μm, specific density 37.27μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99+%
Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 355μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99+%
Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 178.7μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99+%
Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%