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Vanadium bioavailability in soils amended with blast furnace slag.

Journal of hazardous materials (2015-04-29)
Maja A Larsson, Stijn Baken, Erik Smolders, Francesco Cubadda, Jon Petter Gustafsson
ABSTRACT

Blast furnace (BF) slags are commonly applied as soil amendments and in road fill material. In Sweden they are also naturally high in vanadium. The aim of this study was to assess the vanadium bioavailability in BF slags when applied to soil. Two soils were amended with up to 29% BF slag (containing 800 mg V kg(-1)) and equilibrated outdoors for 10 months before conducting a barley shoot growth assay. Additional soil samples were spiked with dissolved vanadate(V) for which assays were conducted two weeks (freshly spiked) and 10 months (aged) after spiking. The BF slag vanadium was dominated by vanadium(III) as shown by V K-edge XANES spectroscopy. In contrast, results obtained by HPLC-ICP-MS showed that vanadium(V), the most toxic vanadium species, was predominant in the soil solution. Barley shoot growth was not affected by the BF slag additions. This was likely due to limited dissolution of vanadium from the BF slag, preventing an increase of dissolved vanadium above toxic thresholds. The difference in vanadium bioavailability among treatments was explained by the vanadium concentration in the soil solution. It was concluded that the vanadium in BF slag is sparingly available. These findings should be of importance in environmental risk assessment.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Vanadium, powder, −325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanadium, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanadium, pieces, 1-3 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Vanadium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, Stress relieved, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.0mm, Stress relieved, 99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanadium, powder, -100 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Vanadium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.8%
Vanadium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 60.8μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.8+%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, Stress relieved, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.0mm, Stress relieved, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 60.8μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.8+%
Vanadium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 611μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.8+%
Vanadium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 611μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.8+%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.8%
Vanadium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.8%