Skip to Content
Merck
  • Long-Range Transcriptional Control of the Il2 Gene by an Intergenic Enhancer.

Long-Range Transcriptional Control of the Il2 Gene by an Intergenic Enhancer.

Molecular and cellular biology (2015-09-10)
Parul Mehra, Andrew D Wells
ABSTRACT

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent cytokine with roles in both immunity and tolerance. Genetic studies in humans and mice demonstrate a role for Il2 in autoimmune disease susceptibility, and for decades the proximal Il2 upstream regulatory region has served as a paradigm of tissue-specific, inducible gene regulation. In this study, we have identified a novel long-range enhancer of the Il2 gene located 83 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This element can potently enhance Il2 transcription in recombinant reporter assays in vitro, and the native region undergoes chromatin remodeling, transcribes a bidirectional enhancer RNA, and loops to physically interact with the Il2 gene in vivo in a CD28-dependent manner in CD4(+) T cells. This cis regulatory element is evolutionarily conserved and is situated near a human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with multiple autoimmune disorders. These results indicate that the regulatory architecture of the Il2 locus is more complex than previously appreciated and suggest a novel molecular basis for the genetic association of Il2 polymorphism with autoimmune disease.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ≥99.0% (GC), dust-free pellets
Sigma-Aldrich
Formaldehyde-12C solution, 20% in H2O, 99.9 atom % 12C
Supelco
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, dust-free pellets, suitable for electrophoresis, for molecular biology, ≥99.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ≥98.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, synthetic, ≥98.0% (TLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Formaldehyde solution, for molecular biology, BioReagent, ≥36.0% in H2O (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Formaldehyde solution, meets analytical specification of USP, ≥34.5 wt. %
Sigma-Aldrich
Formaldehyde solution, ACS reagent, 37 wt. % in H2O, contains 10-15% Methanol as stabilizer (to prevent polymerization)
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, anhydrous, contains amylenes as stabilizer, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, anhydrous, ≥99%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, BioXtra, ≥99.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, BioReagent, suitable for electrophoresis, for molecular biology, ≥98.5% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Thyroxine sodium salt pentahydrate, ≥98% (HPLC), powder
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Thyroxine sodium salt pentahydrate, γ-irradiated, powder, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ReagentPlus®, ≥98.5% (GC)
Supelco
Formaldehyde solution, stabilized with methanol, ~37 wt. % in H2O, certified reference material
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, ≥99%, PCR Reagent, contains amylenes as stabilizer
Sigma-Aldrich
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ≥99% (TLC), film or powder
Sigma-Aldrich
Formaldehyde solution, for molecular biology, 36.5-38% in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
PMA, for use in molecular biology applications, ≥99% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, tested according to NF, mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting mainly of sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ≥90% ((Assay))
Sigma-Aldrich
Interleukin-2/Fc Chimera (non-lytic) from mouse, >98% (SDS-PAGE), recombinant, expressed in CHO cells, solution
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, ACS spectrophotometric grade, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, contains ethanol as stabilizer, meets analytical specification of BP, 99-99.4% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 92.5-100.5% based on total alkyl sulfate content basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, contains ethanol as stabilizer, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Chloroform, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer