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  • Evolution of polyphenols and organic acids during the fermentation of apple cider.

Evolution of polyphenols and organic acids during the fermentation of apple cider.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture (2014-03-13)
Mengqi Ye, Tianli Yue, Yahong Yuan
ABSTRACT

Polyphenols and organic acids are important constitutes in the cider because they greatly contribute to organoleptic quality. The determination of their changes is important for monitoring the fermentation process for purposes of quality control. In this study, the evolution of polyphenols and organic acids was monitored throughout the cider fermentation process. The samples were taken periodically and the polyphenols and organic acids contents were determined using HPLC methods. The contents of polyphenols and organic acids were in constant change. After fermentation, the content of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and phloridzin decreased by different degrees, while protocatechuic acid increased after fermentation. The content of organic acids was also affected by fermentation. Malic acid, lactic acid, quinic acid, pyruvic acid and citric acid showed different levels of increase, but succinic acid content decreased. The contents of polyphenols and organic acids were affected by fermentation. Their changing profiles during fermentation process were dependent on the type of phenolic compounds and organic acids studied.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Lactic acid, natural, ≥85%
Sigma-Aldrich
D-(−)-Quinic acid, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Lactic acid, 85%, FCC
Sigma-Aldrich
Lactic acid, meets USP testing specifications
Supelco
Lactic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Citric acid, Anhydrous, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyruvic acid, natural, ≥95%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyruvic acid, ≥97%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.5% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, BioUltra, anhydrous, ≥99.5% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyruvic acid, 95%
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyruvic acid, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, ≥99.5%, FCC, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, purum p.a., ≥99.0% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
DL-Lactic acid, 85 % (w/w), syrup
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, BioReagent, BioRenewable, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, ReagentPlus®, BioRenewable, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Succinic acid, BioXtra, BioRenewable, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, anhydrous, suitable for cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, 99%
Citric acid, anhydrous, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
USP
Citric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Sigma-Aldrich
Lactic acid solution, ACS reagent, ≥85%
USP
Lactic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Citric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland