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Copper-transporting P-type ATPases use a unique ion-release pathway.

Nature structural & molecular biology (2013-12-10)
Magnus Andersson, Daniel Mattle, Oleg Sitsel, Tetyana Klymchuk, Anna Marie Nielsen, Lisbeth Birk Møller, Stephen H White, Poul Nissen, Pontus Gourdon
ABSTRACT

Heavy metals in cells are typically regulated by PIB-type ATPases. The first structure of the class, a Cu(+)-ATPase from Legionella pneumophila (LpCopA), outlined a copper transport pathway across the membrane, which was inferred to be occluded. Here we show by molecular dynamics simulations that extracellular water solvated the transmembrane (TM) domain, results indicative of a Cu(+)-release pathway. Furthermore, a new LpCopA crystal structure determined at 2.8-Å resolution, trapped in the preceding E2P state, delineated the same passage, and site-directed-mutagenesis activity assays support a functional role for the conduit. The structural similarities between the TM domains of the two conformations suggest that Cu(+)-ATPases couple dephosphorylation and ion extrusion differently than do the well-characterized PII-type ATPases. The ion pathway explains why certain Menkes' and Wilson's disease mutations impair protein function and points to a site for inhibitors targeting pathogens.

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