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  • Iron increases APP translation and amyloid-beta production in the retina.

Iron increases APP translation and amyloid-beta production in the retina.

Experimental eye research (2014-12-03)
Lucie Y Guo, Oleg Alekseev, Yafeng Li, Ying Song, Joshua L Dunaief
ABSTRACT

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among older adults in developed countries, and retinal iron accumulation may exacerbate the disease. Iron can upregulate the production of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Since amyloid-β (Aβ), a byproduct of APP proteolysis, is found in drusen, the histopathological hallmark of AMD, we tested the role of iron in regulating APP and Aβ levels in the retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19. We found that treatment with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) increases APP at the translational level. FAC treatment also results in increased generation of APP C-terminal fragments C83 and C99, the products of APP proteolysis by α- and β-secretase, respectively, as well as levels of Aβ42, a highly aggregative amyloid species. Additionally, retinal tissue sections from a patient with aceruloplasminemia, a disease causing iron overload in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), showed increased Aβ deposition in the RPE and drusen. Overall, our results suggest that RPE iron overload could contribute to Aβ accumulation in the retina.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

SAFC
Ferric citrate
Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.85%
Iron, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Iron, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%
Iron, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%
Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%
Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.85%
Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.85%
Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 50mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%
Iron, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%
Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.2mm, as drawn, 98+%
Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%
Iron, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.9mm, as rolled, 99.5%