A review of tungsten: from environmental obscurity to scrutiny.

A review of tungsten: from environmental obscurity to scrutiny.

Journal of hazardous materials (2005-12-14)

A Koutsospyros, W Braida, C Christodoulatos, D Dermatas, N Strigul

ABSTRACT

Since its discovery, tungsten, a transition element of Group VIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, and its compounds have been considered environmentally benign. Its presence in biological and drinking water samples in Fallon, Nevada, an acute lymphocytic leukemia cluster struck community has alarmed public health, environmental and regulatory agencies. Tungsten, a metal of extraordinary properties that make it hardly substitutable, is considered an essential commodity with a wide variety of uses stretching from household necessities to highly specialized applications. This work is undertaken in order to explore aspects of environmental behavior of tungsten and its compounds. Occurrence data in terrestrial, atmospheric, aquatic and biotic systems are presented. Various aspects of environmental chemistry, fate transport across environmental interfaces and toxicology are discussed with the objective of identifying knowledge gaps and outlining directions for future research.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF35221081

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.75mm, clean, 99.95%

GF27924655

Tungsten, wire, straight, 100mm, diameter 0.25mm, 99.9+%

GF05990621

Tungsten, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.076mm, coil width 2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF31722263

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .51mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF07832729

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF37265429

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF51630375

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF52573079

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF06473033

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF87565135

Tungsten, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF13618155

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.035mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF67192544

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.02mm, coil width .1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF42014078

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF09054053

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF74651698

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF66018999

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF85971268

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF54518733

Tungsten, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF86574831

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.016mm, coil width .36mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF49335015

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF19334156

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF08123295

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.08mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF53840099

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.10mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF68135025

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF31462163

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF37965943

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.3mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF74075452

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF43797213

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF31626716

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.035mm, coil width .5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF87782732

Tungsten, foil, 200x200mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%