A review of tungsten: from environmental obscurity to scrutiny.

A review of tungsten: from environmental obscurity to scrutiny.

Journal of hazardous materials (2005-12-14)

A Koutsospyros, W Braida, C Christodoulatos, D Dermatas, N Strigul

ABSTRACT

Since its discovery, tungsten, a transition element of Group VIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, and its compounds have been considered environmentally benign. Its presence in biological and drinking water samples in Fallon, Nevada, an acute lymphocytic leukemia cluster struck community has alarmed public health, environmental and regulatory agencies. Tungsten, a metal of extraordinary properties that make it hardly substitutable, is considered an essential commodity with a wide variety of uses stretching from household necessities to highly specialized applications. This work is undertaken in order to explore aspects of environmental behavior of tungsten and its compounds. Occurrence data in terrestrial, atmospheric, aquatic and biotic systems are presented. Various aspects of environmental chemistry, fate transport across environmental interfaces and toxicology are discussed with the objective of identifying knowledge gaps and outlining directions for future research.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF74651698

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF07491876

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF05990621

Tungsten, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.076mm, coil width 2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF51630375

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF52573079

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF85971268

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.2mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF87565135

Tungsten, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF31626716

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.035mm, coil width .5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF54025040

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .51mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF87782732

Tungsten, foil, 200x200mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF17950372

Tungsten, foil, 200x200mm, thickness 0.3mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF06473033

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF07832729

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF37265429

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF53796459

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF43797213

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF54518733

Tungsten, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF04494607

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.076mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF31462163

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF99287061

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF37965943

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.3mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF09054053

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF88307309

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width .7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF66018999

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF13027384

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF99068305

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.02mm, coil width .1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF28612302

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.02mm, coil width .5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF82140386

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.10mm, 99.9+%

GF51377339

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.115mm, 99.9+%

GF69067053

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.125mm, 99.9+%