Skip to Content
Merck
  • Complex effects of two presumably antagonistic endocrine disrupting compounds on the goldfish Carassius aumtus: a comprehensive study with multiple toxicological endpoints.

Complex effects of two presumably antagonistic endocrine disrupting compounds on the goldfish Carassius aumtus: a comprehensive study with multiple toxicological endpoints.

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2014-06-30)
Fengxia Wu, Li Lin, Jian-Wen Qiu, Hao Chen, Shaoping Weng, Tiangang Luan
ABSTRACT

We studied the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds nonylphenol (NP) and letrozole (LE) on the male goldfish Carassius aumtus. Exposure to NP (20 μg l(-1)) alone caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of aromatase, estrogen receptors and vitellogenin (VTG) genes, an increase in hepatic and plasma VTG concentration, but no obvious testicular impairment. Exposure to LE (1 mg kg(-1)) alone resulted in a significant decline in aromatase activity, reduced levels of plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), and enhanced sperm maturation. Co-exposure with LE (1 mg kg(-1)) could only partially affect some of the estrogenic effects caused by NP (20 μg l(-1)) (i.e. expression of hepatic and brain estrogen receptor genes, hepatic VTG concentration), but inhibit other estrogenic effects (i.e. brain and testicular aromatase activity, plasma E2). In addition, co-exposure resulted in impairment of liver mitochondria (i.e. detachment of ridges from the membrane, and uneven distribution of the cytoplasm with clusters of glycogen granules), but did not cause significant damage to the testes (i.e. the morphology, the spermatogonia and spermatozoa densities). Our results clearly showed that nonylphenol and letrozole co-exposure could induce profound effects on fish, and highlighted the importance of adopting multiple toxicological endpoints when evaluating the combined effects of endocrine disrupting compounds.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, SAJ special grade
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%, poly-coated bottles
Testosterone, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Letrozole, ≥98% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, 99.93%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%
Supelco
Methanol, analytical standard
Supelco
Testosterone, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Estradiol, powder, γ-irradiated, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Estradiol, BioReagent, powder, suitable for cell culture
Letrozole, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Testosterone solution, 1.0 mg/mL in acetonitrile, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, SAJ first grade, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, JIS special grade, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, BioReagent, ≥99.93%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, NMR reference standard
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Estradiol, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Testosterone, ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, JIS 300, ≥99.8%, for residue analysis
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, Absolute - Acetone free
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS spectrophotometric grade, ≥99.9%
Supelco
Methanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.8% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph Eur, ≥99.7% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, Laboratory Reagent, ≥99.6%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%