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  • CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases.

CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases.

Oncotarget (2015-04-19)
Hina Mir, Rajesh Singh, Goetz H Kloecker, James W Lillard, Shailesh Singh
ABSTRACT

Lung cancer (LuCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide regardless of the gender. High mortality associated with LuCa is due to metastasis, molecular mechanisms of which are yet to be defined. Here, we present evidence that chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its only natural ligand, CXCL16, are significantly expressed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are involved in the pathobiology of LuCa. CXCR6 expression was significantly higher in two subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinomas-ACs and squamous cell carcinoma-SCCs) as compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Additionally, serum CXCL16 was significantly elevated in LuCa cases as compared to healthy controls. Similar to CXCR6 tissue expression, serum level of CXCL16 in AC patients was significantly higher than SCC patients. Biological significance of this axis was validated using SCC and AC cell lines. Expression of CXCR6 was higher in AC cells, which also showed higher migratory and invasive potential than SCC. Differences in migratory and invasive potential between AC and SCC were due to differential expression of metalloproteinases following CXCL16 stimulation. Hence, our findings suggest clinical and biological significance of CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in LuCa, which could be used as potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, NMR reference standard
Sigma-Aldrich
CXCL16 human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli, lyophilized powder, suitable for cell culture
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Hydrocortisone, ≥98% (HPLC)
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Hydrocortisone, meets USP testing specifications
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Sodium selenite, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, ≥98%
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β-Estradiol, BioReagent, powder, suitable for cell culture
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β-Estradiol, analytical standard
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Hydrocortisone, γ-irradiated, powder, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
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β-Estradiol, powder, γ-irradiated, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium selenite, γ-irradiated, lyophilized powder, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium selenite, 99%
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Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%
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Hydrocortisone, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
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Methanol-12C, 99.95 atom % 12C
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L-Glutamine
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol solution, NMR reference standard, 4% in methanol-d4 (99.8 atom % D), NMR tube size 3 mm × 8 in.
Sigma-Aldrich
CXCL16 from mouse, recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), ≥98% (HPLC), suitable for cell culture
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L-Glutamine, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (NT)
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Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%
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o-Xylene, anhydrous, 97%
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Hematoxylin, certified by the Biological Stain Commission
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L-Glutamine, γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
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L-Glutamine, meets USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 99.0-101.0%, from non-animal source
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L-Glutamine
Sigma-Aldrich
Hematoxylin
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Estradiol, ≥98%
SAFC
L-Glutamine