Ultrathin silicon membranes for wearable dialysis.

Ultrathin silicon membranes for wearable dialysis.

Advances in chronic kidney disease (2013-11-12)

Dean G Johnson, Tejas S Khire, Yekaterina L Lyubarskaya, Karl J P Smith, Jon-Paul S Desormeaux, Jeremy G Taylor, Thomas R Gaborski, Alexander A Shestopalov, Christopher C Striemer, James L McGrath

PMID24206603

ABSTRACT

The development of wearable or implantable technologies that replace center-based hemodialysis (HD) hold promise to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with ESRD. A prerequisite for these technologies is the development of highly efficient membranes that can achieve high toxin clearance in small-device formats. Here we examine the application of the porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) to HD. pnc-Si is a molecularly thin nanoporous membrane material that is orders of magnitude more permeable than conventional HD membranes. Material developments have allowed us to dramatically increase the amount of active membrane available for dialysis on pnc-Si chips. By controlling pore sizes during manufacturing, pnc-Si membranes can be engineered to pass middle-molecular-weight protein toxins while retaining albumin, mimicking the healthy kidney. A microfluidic dialysis device developed with pnc-Si achieves urea clearance rates that confirm that the membrane offers no resistance to urea passage. Finally, surface modifications with thin hydrophilic coatings are shown to block cell and protein adhesion.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

343250

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, pieces, 99.95% trace metals basis

215619

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, powder, −325 mesh, 99% trace metals basis

633097

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), ≥98% trace metals basis

647705

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer, <111>, P-type, contains boron as dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.3 mm

647101

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <111>, N-type, contains no dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.5 mm

647543

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <111>, N-type, contains no dopant, diam. × thickness 3 in. × 0.5 mm

647535

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, N-type, contains no dopant, diam. × thickness 3 in. × 0.5 mm

647780

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, N-type, contains phosphorus as dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.5 mm

647799

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <111>, N-type, contains phosphorus as dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.5 mm

647772

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <111>, P-type, contains boron as dopant, diam. × thickness 3 in. × 0.5 mm

646687

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, N-type, contains no dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.5 mm

647675

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, P-type, contains boron as dopant, diam. × thickness 2 in. × 0.5 mm

647802

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, N-type, contains phosphorus as dopant, diam. × thickness 3 in. × 0.5 mm

647764

Sigma-Aldrich

Silicon, wafer (single side polished), <100>, P-type, contains boron as dopant, diam. × thickness 3 in. × 0.5 mm

GF70438518

Silicon, rod, 40mm, diameter 20mm, single crystal, -100, 99.999%

GF91141792

Silicon, sheet, 10x10mm, thickness 0.5mm, single crystal, -100, 100%

GF75683212

Silicon, sheet, 14x14mm, thickness 1.0mm, single crystal, -100, 100%

GF05482852

Silicon, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, crystalline, 100%

GF84840004

Silicon, sheet, 14x14mm, thickness 1.0mm, single crystal, -111, 100%

GF71817543

Silicon, sheet, 10x10mm, thickness 0.6mm, single crystal, -100, 100%

GF91515034

Silicon, rod, 50mm, diameter 3.15mm, single crystal - random orientation, 100%

GF14076930

Silicon, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, crystalline, 100%

GF28448691

Silicon, rod, 50mm, diameter 5mm, single crystal, -100, 99.999%

GF22929307

Silicon, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, crystalline, 100%

GF20311254

Silicon, sheet, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, polycrystalline, 99.999%

GF43555664

Silicon, rod, 25mm, diameter 3.15mm, single crystal - random orientation, 100%

GF41762493

Silicon, sheet, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, single crystal, -100, 100%

GF73529051

Silicon, sheet, 52x52mm, thickness 1.0mm, polycrystalline, 99.999%

GF16363391

Silicon, rod, 10mm, diameter 2.0mm, crystalline, 100%

GF46268433

Silicon, disks, 15.9mm, thickness 0.38mm, single crystal, n-type, 100%