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  • Genetic ancestor of external antigens of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus.

Genetic ancestor of external antigens of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus.

Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences (2013-01-29)
Ramaiah Arunachalam, Kanniah Paulkumar, Gurusamy Annadurai
ABSTRACT

The aim of the present investigation was to discover the genetic relationships of 2009 pandemic novel influenza A/H1N1 virus (NIV) external antigens Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) with other influenza viruses by performing phylogenetic, comparative and statistical analyses. Phylogenetic trees of these two antigens show that the sequences of the NIV viruses are relatively homogeneous and these were derived from several viruses circulating in swine. The phylogenetic tree of HA shows that NIV had the closest relationship with North-American pig lineages whereas NA had with European pig lineages. In both segments, NIVs had the closest genetic relationship with swine influenza virus lineages. It strongly suggests that pigs are the most possible animal reservoir. Comparative analysis shows that among clade A, NIVs had very low genetic divergence as well as high similarity and also suffered strong purifying selection whereas neighbor clade B shows moderate values when compared to those of clades C-F. It indicates that classical swine influenza viruses present in clade B might be an ancestor of NIVs external antigens. The process of re-assortment occurred in classical swine influenza viruses. The mutation sites exclusively fixed in the NIV of swine and human along with vaccine strain provide an important suggestion for disease diagnosis and vaccine research.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), Suitable for manufacturing of diagnostic kits and reagents, Type V, lyophilized powder
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), Type X, lyophilized powder, ≥50 units/mg protein (using 4MU-NANA)
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), Type VIII, lyophilized powder, 10-20 units/mg protein (using 4MU-NANA), 3.5-8.0 units/mg protein (mucin)
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), Type VI, lyophilized powder, 6-15 units/mg protein (using 4MU-NANA), 2-10 units/mg protein (mucin)
Sigma-Aldrich
α(2→3) Neuraminidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae, buffered aqueous solution
Sigma-Aldrich
α(2→3,6) Neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), recombinant, expressed in E. coli, buffered aqueous solution, ≥250 units/mg protein
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase Agarose from Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), Type VI-A, ammonium sulfate suspension
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae, Type II, buffered aqueous solution, 8-24 units/mg protein (Lowry, using NAN-lactose)
Sigma-Aldrich
Neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae, Type III, buffered aqueous solution, 0.2 μm filtered, 1-5 units/mg protein (Lowry, using NAN-lactose)
Sigma-Aldrich
α(2→3,6,8,9) Neuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens, recombinant, expressed in E. coli, buffered aqueous solution
Sigma-Aldrich
α(2→3,6,8,9) Neuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens, Proteomics Grade, suitable for MALDI-TOF MS