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Merck

Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease.

Physiological reviews (2014-12-30)
Jeroen H F de Baaij, Joost G J Hoenderop, René J M Bindels
ABSTRACT

Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is an essential ion to the human body, playing an instrumental role in supporting and sustaining health and life. As the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Although Mg(2+) availability has been proven to be disturbed during several clinical situations, serum Mg(2+) values are not generally determined in patients. This review aims to provide an overview of the function of Mg(2+) in human health and disease. In short, Mg(2+) plays an important physiological role particularly in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, Mg(2+) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of, among others, preeclampsia, migraine, depression, coronary artery disease, and asthma. Over the last decade, several hereditary forms of hypomagnesemia have been deciphered, including mutations in transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), claudin 16, and cyclin M2 (CNNM2). Recently, mutations in Mg(2+) transporter 1 (MagT1) were linked to T-cell deficiency underlining the important role of Mg(2+) in cell viability. Moreover, hypomagnesemia can be the consequence of the use of certain types of drugs, such as diuretics, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of Mg(2+) research over the last few decades, focusing on the regulation of Mg(2+) homeostasis in the intestine, kidney, and bone and disturbances which may result in hypomagnesemia.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, in a Sure/Seal bottle, turnings, 37.5 mmol
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, in a Sure/Seal bottle, turnings, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran 37.5 mmol
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, wire, 127 μm diameter, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, rod, diam. 6 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, 20-230 mesh, reagent grade, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, chips, 6-35 mesh, 99.98% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium preparation, Highly Reactive Rieke® Metal, suspension, 2.5 g in THF
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, ReagentPlus®, ribbon, ≥99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, ribbon, ≥99.0% Mg basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, purum, for Grignard reactions, ≥99.5%, turnings
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, powder, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, grit, ≥99.0% (KT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.998% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, turnings, reagent grade, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium, turnings, 5-25 mm, 99.95% trace metals basis
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.1mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, microfoil, 25x25mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 174μg/cm2, 6 micron aluminum permanent support, 99.9%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.1mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9+%
Magnesium, microfoil, 50x50mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 174μg/cm2, 6 micron aluminum permanent support, 99.9%
Magnesium, microleaf, 50x50mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 174μg/cm2, removable support, 99.9%