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E7144

Sigma-Aldrich

Exendin-4

≥97%

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C184H282N50O60S
CAS Number:
141758-74-9
Molecular Weight:
4186.57
MDL number:
MFCD00240171
UNSPSC Code:
51111800
NACRES:
NA.32

Quality Level

200

assay

≥97%

storage temp.

−20°C

InChI

1S/C184H282N50O60S/c1-16-94(10)147(178(289)213-114(52-58-144(257)258)163(274)218-121(73-101-77-195-105-39-24-23-38-103(101)105)168(279)215-116(68-90(2)3)165(276)205-107(41-26-28-61-186)158(269)219-122(75-134(189)243)154(265)198-79-135(244)196-83-139(248)231-63-30-43-129(231)175(286)225-127(87-238)174(285)223-125(85-236)155(266)200-80-136(245)202-96(12)181(292)233-65-32-45-131(233)183(294)234-66-33-46-132(234)182(293)232-64-31-44-130(232)176(287)222-124(84-235)150(190)261)229-170(281)119(71-99-34-19-17-20-35-99)217-166(277)117(69-91(4)5)214-159(270)108(42-29-62-194-184(191)192)212-177(288)146(93(8)9)228-151(262)95(11)203-156(267)111(49-55-141(251)252)208-161(272)112(50-56-142(253)254)209-162(273)113(51-57-143(255)256)210-164(275)115(59-67-295-15)211-160(271)110(47-53-133(188)242)207-157(268)106(40-25-27-60-185)206-172(283)126(86-237)224-167(278)118(70-92(6)7)216-169(280)123(76-145(259)260)220-173(284)128(88-239)226-180(291)149(98(14)241)230-171(282)120(72-100-36-21-18-22-37-100)221-179(290)148(97(13)240)227-138(247)82-199-153(264)109(48-54-140(249)250)204-137(246)81-197-152(263)104(187)74-102-78-193-89-201-102/h17-24,34-39,77-78,89-98,104,106-132,146-149,195,235-241H,16,25-33,40-76,79-88,185-187H2,1-15H3,(H2,188,242)(H2,189,243)(H2,190,261)(H,193,201)(H,196,244)(H,197,263)(H,198,265)(H,199,264)(H,200,266)(H,202,245)(H,203,267)(H,204,246)(H,205,276)(H,206,283)(H,207,268)(H,208,272)(H,209,273)(H,210,275)(H,211,271)(H,212,288)(H,213,289)(H,214,270)(H,215,279)(H,216,280)(H,217,277)(H,218,274)(H,219,269)(H,220,284)(H,221,290)(H,222,287)(H,223,285)(H,224,278)(H,225,286)(H,226,291)(H,227,247)(H,228,262)(H,229,281)(H,230,282)(H,249,250)(H,251,252)(H,253,254)(H,255,256)(H,257,258)(H,259,260)(H4,191,192,194)/t94-,95-,96-,97+,98+,104-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,146-,147-,148-,149-/m0/s1

InChI key

HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-XWLPCZSASA-N

Gene Information

human ... GLP1R(2740)

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Amino Acid Sequence

His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2

General description

Exendin-4 is an incretin mimetic peptide, which is composed of 39 amino acids. It is an analog of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and an insulinotropic agent, with a long half-life. Exendin-4 was historically isolated from the venom of Gila monster lizard called Heloderma suspectum.

Application

Exendin-4 has been used as incretin mimetics for the treatment in HepG2 cells to exclude the influence of auxiliary material. It has also been used as an r (GLP-1R) agonist to exclude interference from auxiliary material.
Exendin-4 has been used for the treatment of ob/ob mouse model to determine the glucose and insulin concentrations and homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA), and for the determination of nuclear factor-κΒ (NF-κB) p65 level in macrophages treated with exendin-4.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Activates GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptors to increase intracellular cAMP in pancreatic acinar cells; has no effect on VIP receptors.
Exendin-4 mimics the activity of mammalian incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and thus, functions in the control of glucose. This includes the secretion of insulin in a glucose dependent manner, negative regulation of high glucagon secretion, and increased duration of stomach emptying. In type 2 diabetes patients, this peptide can be administered subcutaneously for glycemic control, when metformin is unable to produce adequate results. It promotes the neogeneration and proliferation of β-cells, and thus aids in the regeneration of pancreas. It acts as a ligand to exendin receptor, and leads to an elevation of acinar cell cAMP levels.

Packaging

Bottomless glass bottle. Contents are inside inserted fused cone.

Other Notes

Synthetically produced
Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA in H2O

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Ralph A DeFronzo et al.
Diabetes care, 28(5), 1092-1100 (2005-04-28)
This study evaluates the ability of the incretin mimetic exenatide (exendin-4) to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with maximally effective metformin doses. A triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 30-week study at 82 U.S. sites
Junling Liu et al.
EBioMedicine, 41, 73-84 (2019-03-05)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its based agents improve glycemic control. Although their attenuating effect on hepatic glucose output has drawn our attention for decades, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Cytokine array kit was used to assess cytokine profiles in db/db
GLP-1 receptor agonist promotes brown remodelling in mouse white adipose tissue through SIRT1
Xu F, et al.
Diabetologia, 59(5), 1059-1069 (2016)
Xiaokun Ding et al.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 43(1), 173-181 (2005-12-24)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a burgeoning problem in hepatology, and is associated with insulin resistance. Exendin-4 is a peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide (GLP) receptor that promotes insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to determine
C Montrose-Rafizadeh et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 272(34), 21201-21206 (1997-08-22)
GLP-1-(7-36)-amide and exendin-4-(1-39) are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, whereas exendin-(9-39) is the only known antagonist. To analyze the transition from agonist to antagonist and to identify the amino acid residues involved in ligand activation of the GLP-1 receptor, we
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