Tungsten toxicity.

Tungsten toxicity.

Chemico-biological interactions (2011-12-21)

Mark L Witten, Paul R Sheppard, Brandon L Witten

ABSTRACT

There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

267546

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF04286202

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, clean, 99.95%

GF39616724

Tungsten, mesh, 50x50mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, wire diameter 0.05mm, 100 wires/inch, open area 64%, plain weave mesh, 99.95%

GF60294450

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.035mm, clean, 99.95%

GF52817878

Tungsten, foil, 30mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF42004707

Tungsten, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.10mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF71957155

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.025mm, clean, 99.95%

GF34720084

Tungsten, rod, 25mm, diameter 20.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF27394702

Tungsten, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, wire diameter 0.05mm, 100 wires/inch, open area 64%, plain weave mesh, 99.95%

GF59032481

Tungsten, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF32754595

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF53111663

Tungsten, insulated wire, 1m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF21637896

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.05mm, insulation thickness 0.008mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF71173155

Tungsten, insulated wire, 0.2m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF49127014

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF22261823

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.95%

GF27648007

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, clean, 99.95%

GF14696859

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF97613589

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.05mm, clean, 99.95%

GF41314092

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF06146805

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.95%

GF43142969

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF18728961

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF36837591

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF11784449

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF24079945

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.95%

GF21160178

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.95%

GF73441199

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF24694049

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.015mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF45676110

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.125mm, clean, 99.95%