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  • Quantitative analysis of glycerol levels in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Quantitative analysis of glycerol levels in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (2014-03-25)
Ying Dong, Yanhua Ma, Kuan Yan, Li Shen, Xiaobing Wang, Youxuan Xu, Genye He, Yun Wu, Jianghai Lu, Zhiyong Yang, Feifei Feng
ABSTRACT

Glycerol has the latent capacity to act as a plasma volume expander and disguise blood doping practices. Therefore, it has been prohibited in sports as a masking agent by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since January 2010 and a urinary threshold (1mg/mL) was recommended recently [1]. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a novel quantitative method for the determination of urinary glycerol concentrations using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. This simple yet highly specific method made use of the derivatization of glycerol by benzoyl chloride in aqueous solution at 40°C followed by analysis via LC-ESI-MS/MS without sample pre-concentration or cleanup. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-1000μg/mL for glycerol in human urine. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.3μg/mL and 1.0μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the method at three concentration levels (3, 500 and 900μg/mL) was less than 12.2%. The method also afforded satisfactory results in terms of accuracy, derivatization yield, extraction recovery, matrix effect and specificity. The method has been successfully applied to the detection of glycerol in "Quality Assurance Program" samples provided by the World Association of Anti-Doping Scientists (WAADS) and routine doping-control samples in our laboratory.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus®, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile solution, contains 0.1 % (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid, suitable for HPLC
Supelco
Ammonium formate, eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (calc. based on dry substance, NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, ≥99.995% trace metals basis
Supelco
Residual Solvent - Acetonitrile, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, reagent grade, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, anhydrous, 99.8%
Supelco
Hexane, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, suitable for HPLC, ≥97.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, for HPLC, for UV, ≥99.9% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, reagent grade, ≥95%
USP
Glycerin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerol, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.0% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, ≥95%, FCC, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerol, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerol, FCC, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, anhydrous, ≥99.5% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerol, for molecular biology, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, anhydrous, 95%
Supelco
Glycerin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycerin, meets USP testing specifications
Supelco
Glycerol, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, suitable for HPLC, ≥95%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, ≥99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, ReagentPlus®, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Acetonitrile, AR, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥95%