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  • Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal severity on the fractionation of agricultural residues for xylose-rich hydrolyzates.

Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal severity on the fractionation of agricultural residues for xylose-rich hydrolyzates.

Bioresource technology (2013-02-12)
Ji Ye Lee, Hyun Jin Ryu, Kyeong Keun Oh
ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation for maximum solubilization of the hemicellulosic portion of three agricultural residues. The fractionation conditions converted into combined severity factor (CS) in the range of 1.2-2.9. The highest hemicellulose yield of 87.88% was achieved when barley straw was fractionated at a CS of 2.19. However, the maximum glucose release of 15.29% was achieved for the case of rice straw. The maximum productions of various by-products were observed with the fractionation of rape straw: 0.88 g/L of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 2.16 g/L of furfural, 0.44 g/L of levulinic acid, 1.59 g/L of formic acid, and 3.06 g/L of acetic acid. The highest selectivities, a criterion for evaluating the fractionation of 21.55 for fractionated solid and 7.48 for liquid hydrolyzate were obtained from barley straw.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, ≥99.995% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Levulinic acid, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Cesium formate, 98%
Supelco
Ammonium formate, eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (calc. based on dry substance, NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Levulinic acid, ≥97%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Thallium(I) formate, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Furfural, natural, ≥98%, FCC, FG
Supelco
Calcium formate, Standard for quantitative NMR, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Supelco
5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Furfural, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Furfural, ACS reagent, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Levulinic acid, natural, 99%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Calcium formate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ammonium formate, reagent grade, 97%
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5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural, ≥99%, FG
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Furfural, ≥98%, FCC, FG
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Sodium formate, 99.998% trace metals basis
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Potassium formate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (NT)
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Sodium formate-13C, 99 atom % 13C
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Potassium formate, ReagentPlus®, 99%
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Ammonium formate solution, BioUltra, 10 M in H2O
Supelco
Ammonium formate solution, 10 mM in H2O, suitable for HPLC
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid solution, BioUltra, 1.0 M in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium formate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium formate, reagent grade, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Formic acid, ACS reagent, ≥96%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium formate, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%