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Merck

Recent developments and perspectives in palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides: synthesis of benzonitriles.

Chemical Society reviews (2011-04-30)
Pazhamalai Anbarasan, Thomas Schareina, Matthias Beller
RESUMEN

The palladium-catalyzed cyanation of Ar-X (X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, and H) allows for an efficient access towards benzonitriles. After its discovery in 1973 and following significant improvements in recent decades, this methodology has become nowadays the most popular for preparation of substituted aromatic nitriles. In this critical review, we summarize the important developments in this area from 2000 until 2010 (151 references).

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Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis
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Palladium, powder, <1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%
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Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis
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Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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Palladium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, 99.95% trace metals basis
Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 10mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.50mm, as rolled, 99.99+%
Palladium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.9%
Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%
Palladium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 303.4μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%
Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Palladium, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%