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Lead-free halide perovskite solar cells with high photocurrents realized through vacancy modulation.

Lead-free halide perovskite solar cells with high photocurrents realized through vacancy modulation.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) (2014-09-13)

Mulmudi Hemant Kumar, Sabba Dharani, Wei Lin Leong, Pablo P Boix, Rajiv Ramanujam Prabhakar, Tom Baikie, Chen Shi, Hong Ding, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, Mark Asta, Michael Graetzel, Subodh G Mhaisalkar, Nripan Mathews

ABSTRACT

Lead free perovskite solar cells based on a CsSnI3 light absorber with a spectral response from 950 nm is demonstrated. The high photocurrents noted in the system are a consequence of SnF2 addition which reduces defect concentrations and hence the background charge carrier density.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide solution, 50 wt. % in H₂O

Supelco

Dimethyl sulfoxide, for inorganic trace analysis, ≥99.99995% (metals basis)

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, Vetec^™, reagent grade, 99%

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (GC)

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

8-Octanoyloxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt, suitable for fluorescence, ≥90% (HPCE)

Supelco

Dimethyl sulfoxide, analytical standard

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, Hybri-Max^™, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, PCR Reagent

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, for molecular biology

USP

Dimethyl sulfoxide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Dimethyl sulfoxide, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets EP testing specifications, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., dried, ≤0.02% water

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.7%

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ACS reagent, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.9% (GC)