Transcytosis of TrkA leads to diversification of dendritic signaling endosomes.

The development of the peripheral nervous system relies on long-distance signaling from target organs back to the soma. In sympathetic neurons, this long-distance signaling is mediated by target derived Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) interacting with its axonal receptor, TrkA. This ligand receptor complex internalizes into what is commonly referred to as the signaling endosome which is transported retrogradely to the soma and dendrites to mediate survival signaling and synapse formation, respectively. The molecular identity of signaling endosomes in dendrites has not yet been determined. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of TrkA endosomal compartments and trafficking patterns. We find that signaling endosomes are not uniform but molecularly diversified into Rab7 (late endosome) and Rab11 (recycling endosome) populations in axons and dendrites in vitro and in the soma in vivo. Surprisingly, TrkA-NGF signaling endosomes in dendrites undergo dynamic trafficking events, including putative fusion and fission. Overall, we find that signaling endosomes do not remain as a singular endosomal subtype but instead exist in multiple populations that undergo dynamic endosomal trafficking events. These dynamic events might drive functional diversification of the signaling endosome.