impact of aluminum exposure on the immune system: a mini review.

impact of aluminum exposure on the immune system: a mini review.

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology (2013-01-01)

Y Z Zhu, D W Liu, Z Y Liu, Y F Li

ABSTRACT

Aluminum (Al) is widely used in daily life and will lead to environmental release and exposure. The toxicity of Al had been documented, and which attracted a growing concern on human and animal health. The immune system appears to be sensitive to Al exposure. But few studies focused on the potential immunological responses induced by Al. It is imperative to study the effects of Al on the immune function and this review discusses the effects of Al on autoimmunity, oral tolerance, expression of the immune cells, hypersensitivity and erythrocyte immune function. It will provide evidence to study the association between Al and immune function.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

266515

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, ≤30 μm, spherical powder, ≥99%

266558

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326941

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis

IRMM523C

Aluminum, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 1.0 mm wire

326887

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

202584

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, <75 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

733369

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis

11009

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)

IRMM523B

Aluminum, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 1.0 mm foil

518573

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

653608

Sigma-Aldrich

Aluminum, powder, <5 μm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis

GF48732532

Aluminum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF65371327

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF41557035

Aluminum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.0+%

GF63970498

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin carbon fiber / epoxy, 99.9%

GF19760081

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF24569602

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF36470178

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 13mm, cell wall 0.1mm, core density 0.062g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF37306267

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 2 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF26773230

Aluminum, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 13.9mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin aluminum 0.55mm, 99.9%

GF10029596

Aluminum, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 8 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF96312326

Aluminum, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 26.5mm, cell size 6.3mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.083g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), facing skin carbon fiber / epoxy, 99.9%

GF40404574

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF31334093

Aluminum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF91218911

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF06074120

Aluminum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF72634103

Aluminum, rod, 50mm, diameter 28mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF06197014

Aluminum, rod, 200mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF16562246

Aluminum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%