Skip to Content
Merck
  • Influence of Free Amino Acids, Oligopeptides, and Polypeptides on the Formation of Pyrazines in Maillard Model Systems.

Influence of Free Amino Acids, Oligopeptides, and Polypeptides on the Formation of Pyrazines in Maillard Model Systems.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2015-05-15)
Gustavo Luis Leonardo Scalone, Tatiana Cucu, Norbert De Kimpe, Bruno De Meulenaer
ABSTRACT

Pyrazines are specific Maillard reaction compounds known to contribute to the unique aroma of many products. Most studies concerning the generation of pyrazines in the Maillard reaction have focused on amino acids, while little information is available on the impact of peptides and proteins. The present study investigated the generation of pyrazines in model systems containing whey protein, hydrolyzed whey protein, amino acids, and glucose. The impact of thermal conditions, ratio of reagents, and water activity (a(w)) on pyrazine formation was measured by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS. The presence of oligopeptides from hydrolyzed whey protein contributed significantly to an increased amount of pyrazines, while in contrast free amino acids generated during protein hydrolysis contributed to a lesser extent. The generation of pyrazines was enhanced at low a(w) (0.33) and high temperatures (>120 °C). This study showed that the role of peptides in the generation of pyrazines in Maillard reaction systems has been dramatically underestimated.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly, Carbowax-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating, needle size 23 ga, df 60 μm(PEG, for use with autosampler
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 7 μm(PDMS, needle size 23 ga, for use with autosampler
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), metal alloy fiber, df 100 μm(PDMS, needle size 23 ga, for use with autosampler
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyrazine, ≥99%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, ≥98%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Tyrosine, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Pyrazine, ≥99%
Supelco
SPME Fiber Assembly Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), df 65 μm(PDMS/DVB, needle size 24 ga, StableFlex, for use with autosampler
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 7 μm(PDMS, needle size 24 ga, for use with autosampler
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly polyacrylate (PA), df 85 μm(PA, for use with manual holder, needle size 24 ga
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 100 μm(PDMS, for use with autosampler, needle size 24 ga
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly polyacrylate (PA), df 85 μm(PA, for use with autosampler, needle size 24 ga
Supelco
SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating CAR/PDMS
Supelco
SPME Sampling Stand, for use with 4 mL vials
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 30 μm(PDMS, needle size 24 ga, for use with manual holder
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 30 μm(PDMS, needle size 24 ga, for use with autosampler
Supelco
SPME Fiber Assembly Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), df 65 μm(PDMS/DVB, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga
Sigma-Aldrich
D-Glucose-12C6, 16O6, 99.9 atom % 16O, 99.9 atom % 12C
Supelco
SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating PDMS
Supelco
SPME fiber assembly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), df 7 μm(PDMS, needle size 24 ga, for use with manual holder
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Trichloroacetic acid, ACS reagent, for the determination of Fe in blood according to Heilmeyer, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Lysine, crystallized, ≥98.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Tyrosine, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99-101% (based on anhydrous substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
2-Methylpyrazine, ≥99%, FCC, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium bromide, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycine, puriss. p.a., reag. Ph. Eur., buffer substance, 99.7-101% (calc. to the dried substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, 98%