Skip to Content
Merck
  • Upregulation of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase in rat hippocampus after repeated low-dose dexamethasone administration.

Upregulation of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase in rat hippocampus after repeated low-dose dexamethasone administration.

Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN (2014-11-05)
Dunja Drakulić, Miloš Stanojlović, Nadežda Nedeljković, Ivana Grković, Nataša Veličković, Ivana Guševac, Nataša Mitrović, Ivana Buzadžić, Anica Horvat
ABSTRACT

Although dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) analog with profound effects on energy metabolism, immune system, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is widely used therapeutically, its impact on the brain is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of repeated low-dose DEX administration on the activity and expression of the ectonucleotidase enzymes which hydrolyze and therefore control extracellular ATP and adenosine concentrations in the synaptic cleft. Ectonucleotidases tested were ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1-3 (NTPDase1-3) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN), whereas the effects were evaluated in two brain areas that show different sensitivity to glucocorticoid action, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, but not in cerebral cortex, modest level of neurodegenerative changes as well as increase in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis and upregulation of NTPDase1 and eN mRNA expression ensued under the influence of DEX. The observed pattern of ectonucleotidase activation, which creates tissue volume with enhanced capacity for adenosine formation, is the hallmark of the response after different insults to the brain.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Ethanol solution, certified reference material, 2000 μg/mL in methanol
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, 0.1 M
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, 2 M in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethidium bromide solution, BioReagent, for molecular biology, 10 mg/mL in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethidium bromide solution, BioReagent, for molecular biology, 500 μg/mL in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, PCR Reagent, 25 mM MgCI2 solution for PCR
Sigma-Aldrich
Dexamethasone 21-acetate, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, for molecular biology, 1.00 M±0.01 M
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, anhydrous, denatured
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ~0.025 M in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethidium bromide solution, for fluorescence, ~1% in H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ~1 M in H2O
USP
Dehydrated Alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
USP
Dexamethasone acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Dexamethasone Acetate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Dexamethasone acetate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, absolute, denaturated with 0.5-1.5 Vol.% 2-butanone and approx. 0.001% Bitrex (GC), ≥98% (GC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, for residue analysis
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, purum, secunda spirit, denaturated with 2% 2-butanone, S15, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, tested according to Ph. Eur.
Supelco
Ethanol, standard for GC
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride, AnhydroBeads, −10 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride, AnhydroBeads, −10 mesh, 99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride, powder, <200 μm
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride, BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥97.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Magnesium chloride, anhydrous, ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethidium bromide, BioReagent, for molecular biology, powder
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethidium bromide, ~95% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 1% cyclohexane, A15 CYCLO1, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)