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  • Optimization of supercritical fluid consecutive extractions of fatty acids and polyphenols from Vitis vinifera grape wastes.

Optimization of supercritical fluid consecutive extractions of fatty acids and polyphenols from Vitis vinifera grape wastes.

Journal of food science (2014-12-05)
Oier Aizpurua-Olaizola, Markel Ormazabal, Asier Vallejo, Maitane Olivares, Patricia Navarro, Nestor Etxebarria, Aresatz Usobiaga
ABSTRACT

In this study, supercritical fluid extraction has been successfully applied to a sequential fractionation of fatty acids and polyphenols from wine wastes (2 different vitis vinifera grapes). To this aim, in a 1st step just fatty acids were extracted and in a 2nd one the polyphenols. The variables that affected to the extraction efficiency were separately optimized in both steps following an experimental design approach. The effect of extraction temperature flow, pressure, and time were thoroughly evaluated for the extraction of fatty acids, whereas the addition of methanol was also considered in the case of the polyphenols extraction. A quantitative extraction with high efficiency was achieved at a very short time and low temperatures. Concerning quantification, fatty acids were determined by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after a derivatization step, whereas the polyphenols were analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

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Sodium hydroxide concentrate, 0.1 M NaOH in water (0.1N), Eluent concentrate for IC
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Density Standard 692 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality
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Methyl myristate, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
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Methyl stearate, ~99% (GC)
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Methyl myristate, ≥99% (GC)
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Methyl arachidate, ≥99% (capillary GC)
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Sodium hydroxide solution, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
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Methyl elaidate, ≥99% (capillary GC)
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Sodium carbonate, BioXtra, ≥99.0%
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Methyl palmitoleate, ≥99% (capillary GC), liquid
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Methyl palmitate, ≥99% (capillary GC)
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Methyl myristoleate, ≥98.5% (capillary GC), liquid
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Methyl linoleate, ≥98% (GC)
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Methyl tridecanoate, ≥97% (GC)
Supelco
Sulfuric acid, for the determination of nitrogen, ≥97.0%
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Methyl palmitate, analytical standard
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Methyl stearate, analytical standard
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Methyl myristate, analytical standard
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Sodium carbonate, BioUltra, anhydrous, ≥99.5% (calc. on dry substance, T)
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Methyl decanoate, analytical standard
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Sodium hydroxide solution, 49-51% in water, eluent for IC
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Methyl tridecanoate, analytical standard
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Sodium hydroxide solution, BioUltra, for molecular biology, 10 M in H2O
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Sodium hydroxide, BioUltra, for luminescence, ≥98.0% (T), pellets
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Sulfuric acid, 99.999%
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Methyl cis-13-docosenoate, analytical standard
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Methyl palmitoleate, analytical standard
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Methyl decanoate, 99%
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Methyl palmitate, ≥97%
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3-Ethyl-2,4-pentanedione, mixture of tautomers, 98%