Risk factors for development of full-thickness macular holes after pars plana vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis.

To identify risk factors for development of secondary full-thickness macular holes after pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for myopic foveoschisis. Retrospective, interventional case series. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 42 eyes (42 patients) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (vitreous separation, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas tamponade) for myopic foveoschisis with and without a retinal detachment but without a macular hole from January 2002 through June 2012. Cataract surgery was performed in all phakic eyes. Patients were followed up for 6 months after the initial surgery, and optical coherence tomography images were obtained at every visit. The factors associated with development of postoperative full-thickness macular holes were investigated. A postoperative macular hole developed in 8 (19.0%) eyes. No significant correlations of age (P = .369), axial length (P = .113), visual acuity (P = .859), foveal status (P = .331), posterior staphyloma (P = 1.000), or chorioretinal atrophy (P = .837) were found between patients with and without secondary macular holes. Among the characteristics seen on the optical coherence tomography images, the percentage of eyes with an inner segment/outer segment junction defect was significantly (P = .013, Fisher exact test) higher in patients with a macular hole than in those without a macular hole. Logistic regression analysis showed that only an inner segment/outer segment junction defect (P = .018) was a significant risk factor for development of secondary macular holes. Secondary macular holes can develop in myopic foveoschisis after pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. A preoperative inner segment/outer segment junction defect can be a risk factor for development of a macular hole.