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Merck

Antibiotics in the offshore waters of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China: occurrence, distribution and ecological risks.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2012-12-19)
Ruijie Zhang, Jianhui Tang, Jun Li, Qian Zheng, Di Liu, Yingjun Chen, Yongde Zou, Xiaoxiang Chen, Chunling Luo, Gan Zhang
RESUMEN

The ocean is an important sink of land-based pollutants. Previous studies showed that serious antibiotic pollution occurred in the coastal waters, but limited studies focused on their presence in offshore waters. In this study, eleven antibiotics in three different categories were investigated in offshore waters of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China. The results indicated that three antibiotics dehydration erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim occurred throughout the offshore waters at concentrations of 0.10-16.6 ng L(-1) and they decreased exponentially from the rivers to the coastal and offshore waters. The other antibiotics all presented very low detection rates (<10%) and concentrations (<0.51 ng L(-1)). Although the concentrations were very low, risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotients (RQs) showed that sulfamethoxazole, dehydration erythromycin and clarithromycin at most of sampling sites posed medium or low ecological risks (0.01 < RQ < 1) to some sensitive aquatic organisms, including Synechococcus leopoliensis and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

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Sigma-Aldrich
Trimetoprim, ≥98.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Trimetoprim, ≥99.0% (HPLC)
Supelco
Trimetoprim, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Sulfamethoxazole
Supelco
Sulfamethoxazole, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Sulfamethoxazole, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Supelco
Trimetoprim, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Supelco
Sulfamethoxazole, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Trimetoprim, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard