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  • Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors.

Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors.

Journal of chromatography. A (2014-07-30)
Hilal E Toraman, Thomas Dijkmans, Marko R Djokic, Kevin M Van Geem, Guy B Marin
ABSTRACT

The detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil was performed with comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) coupled to four different detectors: a flame ionization detector (FID), a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD) and a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The performances of different column combinations were assessed in normal i.e. apolar/mid-polar and reversed configurations for the GC×GC-NCD and GC×GC-SCD analyses. The information obtained from the four detectors and the use of internal standards, i.e. 3-chlorothiophene for the FID and the SCD and 2-chloropyridine for the NCD analysis, enabled the identification and quantification of the pyrolysis oil in terms of both group type and carbon number: hydrocarbon groups (n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins and naphthenes, monoaromatics, naphthenoaromatics, diaromatics, naphthenodiaromatics, triaromatics, naphthenotriaromatics and tetra-aromatics), nitrogen (nitriles, pyridines, quinolines, indole, caprolactam, etc.), sulfur (thiols/sulfides, thiophenes/disulfides, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, etc.) and oxygen containing compounds (ketones, phenols, aldehydes, ethers, etc.). Quantification of trace impurities is illustrated for indole and caprolactam. The analyzed pyrolysis oil included a significant amount of nitrogen containing compounds (6.4wt%) and to a lesser extent sulfur containing compounds (0.6wt%). These nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds described approximately 80% of the total peak volume for respectively the NCD and SCD analysis. TOF-MS indicated the presence of the oxygen containing compounds. However only a part of the oxygen containing compounds (2.5wt%) was identified because of their low concentrations and possible overlap with the complex hydrocarbon matrix as no selective detector or preparative separation for oxygen compounds was used.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Dibenzothiophene, analytical standard
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Thianaphthene, 95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dibenzothiophene, 98%
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Sigma-Aldrich
Thianaphthene, 98%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Dibenzothiophene, ≥99%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Lysine hydrochloride, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
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Supelco
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Supelco
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
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Sigma-Aldrich
Thiophene, ≥99%
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Sigma-Aldrich
2-Chloropyridine, 99%
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Supelco
Thiophene, analytical standard
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L-Lysine monohydrochloride, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (AT)
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Supelco
Hexane, analytical standard
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L-Lysine hydrochloride solution, 100 mM amino acid in 0.1 M HCl, analytical standard
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Sigma-Aldrich
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, reagent grade, ≥98% (HPLC)
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L-Lysine monohydrochloride, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
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Hexane, suitable for HPLC, ≥97.0% (GC)
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Hexane, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥95%
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Hexane, suitable for HPLC, ≥95%
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Hexane, Laboratory Reagent, ≥95%
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