Effects of terlipressin on pulmonary artery pressure in a septic cooled infant: an echocardiographic assessment.

Experience with terlipressin (TP) in the neonatal field is scarce. We describe the effects of TP on pulmonary circulation, studied with echocardiography, in an asphyxiated septic cooled infant with pulmonary hypertension (PH) who developed catecholamine-resistant hypotension and exacerbation of PH shortly after the beginning of the rewarming. TP was added to norephinephine and adrenaline infusions at the dose of 0.02 mg kg(-1) every 6 h, because of refractory hypotension and oliguria. After 10 min, blood pressure dramatically and definitely increased, and urinary output was re-established after 60 min. Echocardiographic evaluation 30 min after the second bolus of TP showed unchanged velocity of the tricuspidal valve regurgitation and improved biventricular functional indexes respect to the pre-treatment assessment. TP was continued for 12 h (three doses) without significant adverse effect except for a transient increase in troponin levels. Addition of TP boluses to catecholamine infusion in our newborn was effective in increasing systemic vascular resistance without increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, successfully reversing the hemodynamics of severe PH, and suggesting a potential primary vasodilator effect on pulmonary circulation. Transient increase of troponin levels during TP treatment confirms the risk of excessive coronary vasoconstriction when TP boluses are added to high dose catecholamines.