Understanding platinum-induced ototoxicity.

Understanding platinum-induced ototoxicity.

Trends in pharmacological sciences (2013-06-19)

Thorsten Langer, Antoinette am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, Susanne Radtke, Johannes Meitert, Oliver Zolk

ABSTRACT

Childhood cancer survival rates are now nearly 80% in more developed European countries because of improved therapies and better supportive care. Platinum chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are the cornerstone of many effective therapeutic protocols for childhood cancer. However, the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin and carboplatin comes at the cost of ototoxicity, which affects at least 60% of pediatric patients. Although ototoxicity is not life threatening, it can have debilitating effects on patients' quality of life. Recently, many initiatives have been launched with the ultimate goal of reducing cisplatin and high-dose carboplatin ototoxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy. This review addresses the incidence of platinum ototoxicity and its clinical presentation, time course, and early diagnostic evaluation. Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for platinum-associated ototoxicity, and their predictive value, are discussed. Recent developments in the prevention of platinum ototoxicity are also summarized.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

444685

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, wire, diam. 2.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

357375

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, wire, diam. 0.076 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

349348

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

349380

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

349321

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

349402

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

520780

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum black, fuel cell grade, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

267244

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

205915

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum black, black, powder, ≤20 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

267821

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, wire, diam. 0.127 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

298093

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, gauze, 100 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis

520799

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum black, low bulk density, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

327484

Sigma-Aldrich

Platinum, shot, ≤3 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF41718258

Platinum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.05mm, hard, 99.99%

GF33625683

Platinum, wire, straight, 200mm, diameter 0.1mm, hard, 99.99%

GF21655504

Platinum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.063mm, hard, 99.9%

GF58265488

Platinum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF60973791

Platinum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF94661657

Platinum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.2mm, inside diameter 1.0mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF91869227

Platinum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.7mm, inside diameter 0.4mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF19165552

Platinum, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF22496328

Platinum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.6mm, inside diameter 0.5mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF55400666

Platinum, insulated wire, 0.5m, conductor diameter 0.025mm, insulation thickness 0.005mm, polyimide insulation, 99.99%

GF43344581

Platinum, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.018mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyester insulation, 99.99%

GF86887793

Platinum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF21472141

Platinum, rod, 10mm, diameter 4.0mm, 99.95%

GF58198517

Platinum, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.6mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF90827185

Platinum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF43288487

Platinum, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, may be used as one component of a thermocouple, 99.99%

GF35428406

Platinum, foil, 15x15mm, thickness 0.2mm, as rolled, 99.95%