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  • Improved separation of furocoumarins of essential oils by supercritical fluid chromatography.

Improved separation of furocoumarins of essential oils by supercritical fluid chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A (2009-09-15)
C Desmortreux, M Rothaupt, C West, E Lesellier
ABSTRACT

Separation of furocoumarins has become of a great interest for cosmetic industry and human health, since the recent directive of the European Union. Furocoumarins are a class of compounds presenting varied substituents linked mainly in two positions to an identical skeleton made by a furan ring bonded to a coumarin nucleus (Psoralen). The substituents are mainly methoxy, or alkyl chains, which can contain double bonds, hydroxyl or epoxy groups. Due to the variety of compounds, and their subtle structure differences, their separation requires high-performance methods. Multi-gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-dimensional chromatography are usually applied. This paper describes a new approach, by using super/subcritical fluid chromatography (SFC), with a green mobile phase: CO(2)-ethanol. The choice of the stationary phase from varied types of phases, and the effects of numerous analytical parameters (flow rate, modifier percentage, temperature and outlet pressure) are studied, described and discussed, on the basis of the separation of a complex sample: lemon residue. From these studies, isocratic conditions are determined to obtain a satisfactory separation in 10 min. A two-dimensional analysis was also investigated, by performing first a class fractionation of compounds on an ethylpyridine (EP) phase, then by separating each class on a pentafluorophenyl phase (Discovery HS F5) with the selected isocratic mobile phase. A gradient elution is also studied to improve separation of some minor compounds. Structure of the eluted compounds was determined by comparison with standards, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS analysis, and NMR analysis of collected fractions. All these approaches allow relating structure of compounds to retention behaviour, which is unusual due to the selected pentafluorophenyl stationary phase.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 3.3 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 3 mm, pkg of 1 ea
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 10 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 5 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 5 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 10 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 10 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 10 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 5 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 21.2 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 5 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 10 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 2.1 mm, pkg of 1 kit
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 5 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 4 mm, pkg of 1 kit
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 Supelguard Cartridge, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 2 cm × 4 mm, pkg of 1 kit
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 4.6 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 4 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 3 μm particle size, L × I.D. 15 cm × 2.1 mm
Supelco
Discovery® HS F5 HPLC Column, 5 μm particle size, L × I.D. 10 cm × 4.6 mm