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  • The metabolic fate of red wine and grape juice polyphenols in humans assessed by metabolomics.

The metabolic fate of red wine and grape juice polyphenols in humans assessed by metabolomics.

Molecular nutrition & food research (2009-12-17)
Ferdinand A van Dorsten, Christian H Grün, Ewoud J J van Velzen, Doris M Jacobs, Richard Draijer, John P M van Duynhoven
초록

The metabolic impact of polyphenol-rich red wine and grape juice consumption in humans was studied using a metabolomics approach. Fifty-eight men and women participated in a placebo-controlled, double-crossover study in which they consumed during a period of 4 wk, either a polyphenol-rich 2:1 dry mix of red wine and red grape juice extracts (MIX) or only a grape juice extract (GJX). Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected after each intervention. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was applied for global metabolite profiling, while GC-MS was used for focused profiling of urinary phenolic acids. Urine metabolic profiles after intake of both polyphenol-rich extracts were significantly differentiated from placebo using multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis. A significant 35% increase in hippuric acid excretion (p<0.001) in urine was measured after the MIX consumption as) or only a red grape juice dry extract (GJX). 24-h urine samples were collected after each intervention. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was applied for global metabolite profiling, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for focused profiling of urinary phenolic acids. Urine metabolic profiles after intake of both polyphenol-rich extracts were significantly differentiated from placebo using multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis (ML-PLS-DA). A significant 35% increase in hippuric acid excretion (p<0.001) in urine was measured after the MIX consumption compared with placebo, whereas no change was found after GJX consumption. GC-MS-based metabolomics of urine allowed identification of 18 different phenolic acids, which were significantly elevated following intake of either extract. Syringic acid, 3- and 4-hydroxyhippuric acid and 4-hydroxymandelic acid were the strongest urinary markers for both extracts. MIX and GJX consumption had a slightly different effect on the excreted phenolic acid profile and on endogenous metabolite excretion, possibly reflecting their different polyphenol composition.

MATERIALS
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Sigma-Aldrich
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanillic acid, purum, ≥97.0% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanillic acid, ≥97%, FG
Sigma-Aldrich
Vanillic acid, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Homovanillic acid, Fluorimetric reagent
Supelco
Vanillic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Supelco
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
trans-Ferulic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Ferulic acid, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 98%
Sigma-Aldrich
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, ReagentPlus®, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Ferulic acid, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, ReagentPlus®, ≥99%
Supelco
trans-Ferulic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, ≥99.0% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Syringic acid, ≥95% (HPLC)