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  • Occurrence and risk assessment of selected phthalates in drinking water from waterworks in China.

Occurrence and risk assessment of selected phthalates in drinking water from waterworks in China.

Environmental science and pollution research international (2015-03-11)
Xiaowei Liu, Jianghong Shi, Ting Bo, Huiyuan Li, John C Crittenden
ABSTRACT

The first nationwide survey of six phthalates (diethyl phthalate (DEP); dimethyl phthalate (DMP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP); butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP); bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); din-octyl phthalate (DnOP)) in drinking waters from waterworks was conducted across seven geographical zones in China. Of the six target phthalates, DBP and DEHP were the highest abundant phthalates with median (± interquartile range) values of 0.18 ± 0.47 and 0.18 ± 0.97 μg/L, respectively, but did not exceed the limit values in China's Standards for Drinking Water Quality. These phthalates in drinking water were generally higher in the northern regions of China than those in the southern and eastern regions. Based on the investigated concentrations, lifetime exposure risk assessment indicated that phthalates in drinking water did not pose carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to Chinese residents, even under the conservative scenario (with 95th percentile risk). In addition, we found that DEHP contributed the greatest risk to the total exposure risk of all the selected phthalates and oral ingestion was the main exposure route for phthalates in drinking water.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4, 98 atom % D
Sigma-Aldrich
Dibutyl phthalate, 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
Dess-Martin periodinane, 97%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%
Sigma-Aldrich
Diethyl ether
Sigma-Aldrich
Diethyl ether, contains 1 ppm BHT as inhibitor, anhydrous, ≥99.7%
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, NMR reference standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Diethyl pyrocarbonate, 96% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol-12C, 99.95 atom % 12C
Sigma-Aldrich
DBP, 98% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol solution, (Methanol:Dimethyl sulfoxide 1:1 (v/v))
Sigma-Aldrich
Diethyl pyrocarbonate, 96% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Diethyl pyrocarbonate, 96% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Hexane, anhydrous, 95%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, BioXtra, ≥99.0% (T)