Frontiers of yeast metabolic engineering: diversifying beyond ethanol and Saccharomyces.

Frontiers of yeast metabolic engineering: diversifying beyond ethanol and Saccharomyces.

Current opinion in biotechnology (2013-04-02)

Leqian Liu, Heidi Redden, Hal S Alper

ABSTRACT

Microbial systems provide an attractive, renewable route to produce desired organic molecules such as fuels and chemicals. While attention within the field of metabolic engineering has mostly focused on Escherichia coli, yeast is a potent host and growing host for industrial products and has many outstanding, biotechnologically desirable native traits. Thus, there has been a recent shift in focus toward yeast as production hosts to replace E. coli. As such, products have diversified in yeast beyond simply ethanol. Additionally, nonconventional yeasts have been considered to move beyond Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeasts for producing value-added chemical compounds including alcohols, sugar derivatives, organic acids, fats, terpenes, aromatics, and polyketides. Furthermore, we will also discuss the future direction of metabolic engineering of yeasts.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

100-1000

Sigma-Aldrich

Alcohol dehydrated, ≥85.0%

1012772

USP

Dehydrated Alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

E-034

Supelco

Ethanol Calibration Kit, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-036

Supelco

Ethanol-400 (10 ampules/kit), 400 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-053

Supelco

Ethanol-500, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-056

Supelco

Ethanol-20 (10 ampules/kit), 20 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-035

Supelco

Ethanol-25, 25 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

2858

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol Fixative 80% v/v, suitable for fixing solution (blood films)

09-0790

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, JIS special grade, 94.8-95.8%

362808

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, reagent grade

48075

Supelco

Ethanol solution, certified reference material, 2000 μg/mL in methanol

09-0800

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, JIS first grade, 94.8-95.8%

676829

Sigma-Aldrich

Reagent Alcohol, anhydrous, ≤0.005% water

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, for molecular biology

E-040

Supelco

Ethanol-10, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-041

Supelco

Ethanol-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-045

Supelco

Ethanol-40, 40 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

187380

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, denatured, reagent grade

E-033

Supelco

Ethanol-300, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-032

Supelco

Ethanol-200 (10 ampules/kit), 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-029

Supelco

Ethanol-50, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-030

Supelco

Ethanol-80, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

Ethanol-100 (10 ampules/kit), 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

09-0852

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%

09-0853

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, suitable for fluorescence

E2385

Supelco

Ethanol standards 10% (v/v), 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

02857

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

32221

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, puriss. p.a., absolute, ≥99.8% (GC)

09-0851

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, suitable for HPLC

09-0832

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, JIS 1000, ≥99.5%, for residue analysis