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Merck

Cell biology of molybdenum in plants.

Plant cell reports (2011-06-11)
Ralf R Mendel
ABSTRACT

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is of essential importance for (nearly) all biological systems as it is required by enzymes catalyzing important reactions within the cell. The metal itself is biologically inactive unless it is complexed by a special cofactor. With the exception of bacterial nitrogenase, where Mo is a constituent of the FeMo-cofactor, Mo is bound to a pterin, thus forming the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) which is the active compound at the catalytic site of all other Mo-enzymes. In plants, the most prominent Mo-enzymes are nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and the mitochondrial amidoxime reductase. The biosynthesis of Moco involves the complex interaction of six proteins and is a process of four steps, which also includes iron as well as copper in an indispensable way. After its synthesis, Moco is distributed to the apoproteins of Mo-enzymes by Moco-carrier/binding proteins that also participate in Moco-insertion into the cognate apoproteins. Xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase, but not the other Mo-enzymes, require a final step of posttranslational activation of their catalytic Mo-center for becoming active.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, powder, 1-5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 1022μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.013mm, hard, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.01mm, hard, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, hard, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.013mm, hard, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.30mm, annealed, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.05mm, gold plated, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 1.25mm, annealed, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.95%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, annealed, 99.9%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.