Preparation of efficient photothermal materials from waste coffee grounds for solar evaporation and water purification.

Effective water use is currently a critical global challenge needed to prevent water shortages and has attracted significant research attention. The realization of solar-driven water evaporation by using effective converters has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its potential for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Consequently, this paper proposes a simple two-step method to prepare low-cost and self-floating photothermal converters from waste coffee grounds. First, the coffee grounds were carbonized at 1,000 °C to develop broadband absorption, and the carbonized coffee grounds were modified using hydrophobic silane to enhance the water-floatation property of the grounds. The prepared hydrophobic carbonized coffee grounds exhibited good performance for desalination and water purification under sunlight irradiation. The self-floatation ability, low cost, well solar evaporation performance, and easy preparation contribute to the promising potential of using hydrophobic carbonized coffee grounds infuture steps toward eco-friendly desalination procedures.