The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

44890

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

IRMM524B

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

356808

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

209309

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

267945

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

GF63891726

Iron, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 0.25mm, insulation thickness 0.01mm, polyester insulation

GF83304828

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF27258329

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF33572606

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF50403440

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF18645240

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF88344108

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF55566816

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF31151887

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF21950197

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF97078281

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF28189525

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF83953952

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF35765826

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF55674164

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF82933511

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF30656077

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF93209328

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF39321390

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF38919279

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF15174255

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF16616897

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF48235013

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF33764979

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF67418062

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%