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Merck

Iron: effect of overload and deficiency.

Metal ions in life sciences (2014-01-29)
Robert C Hider, Xiaole Kong
ABSTRACT

Iron is a redox active metal which is abundant in the Earth's crust. It has played a key role in the evolution of living systems and as such is an essential element in a wide range of biological phenomena, being critical for the function of an enormous array of enzymes, energy transduction mechanisms, and oxygen carriers. The redox nature of iron renders the metal toxic in excess and consequently all biological organisms carefully control iron levels. In this overview the mechanisms adopted by man to control body iron levels are described.Low body iron levels are related to anemia which can be treated by various forms of iron fortification and supplementation. Elevated iron levels can occur systemically or locally, each giving rise to specific symptoms. Systemic iron overload results from either the hyperabsorption of iron or regular blood transfusion and can be treated by the use of a selection of iron chelating molecules. The symptoms of many forms of neurodegeneration are associated with elevated levels of iron in certain regions of the brain and iron chelation therapy is beginning to find an application in the treatment of such diseases. Iron chelators have also been widely investigated for the treatment of cancer, tuberculosis, and malaria. In these latter studies, selective removal of iron from key enzymes or iron binding proteins is sought. Sufficient selectivity between the invading organism and the host has yet to be established for such chelators to find application in the clinic.Iron chelation for systemic iron overload and iron supplementation therapy for the treatment of various forms of anemia are now established procedures in clinical medicine. Chelation therapy may find an important role in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases in the near future.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, granular, 10-40 mesh, >99.99% trace metals basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Carbonyl iron, ≥97% Fe basis
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.08mm, wall thickness 0.46mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, ≥99%, reduced, powder (fine)
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.25mm, insulation thickness 0.01mm, polyester insulation
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.25mm, insulation thickness 0.01mm, polyester insulation
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.30mm, inside diameter 2.07mm, wall thickness 0.115mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.30mm, inside diameter 2.07mm, wall thickness 0.115mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.08mm, wall thickness 0.46mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.35mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 4.0mm, inside diameter 3.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.08mm, wall thickness 0.46mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Pricing and availability is not currently available.