- Sulfur-mediated electron shuttling during bacterial iron reduction.
Sulfur-mediated electron shuttling during bacterial iron reduction.
Science (New York, N.Y.) (2014-05-03)
Theodore M Flynn, Edward J O'Loughlin, Bhoopesh Mishra, Thomas J DiChristina, Kenneth M Kemner
PMID24789972
ABSTRACT
Microbial reduction of ferric iron [Fe(III)] is an important biogeochemical process in anoxic aquifers. Depending on groundwater pH, dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria can also respire alternative electron acceptors to survive, including elemental sulfur (S(0)). To understand the interplay of Fe/S cycling under alkaline conditions, we combined thermodynamic geochemical modeling with bioreactor experiments using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Under these conditions, S. oneidensis can enzymatically reduce S(0) but not goethite (α-FeOOH). The HS(-) produced subsequently reduces goethite abiotically. Because of the prevalence of alkaline conditions in many aquifers, Fe(III) reduction may thus proceed via S(0)-mediated electron-shuttling pathways.
MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)
Iron, IRMM®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire
Iron, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 0.25mm, insulation thickness 0.01mm, polyester insulation
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 10mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.2mm, inside diameter 2.2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 7mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 20.0mm, inside diameter 16mm, wall thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%