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  • Species differences in the metabolism of ritobegron in vitro and assessment of potential interactions with transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Species differences in the metabolism of ritobegron in vitro and assessment of potential interactions with transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Die Pharmazie (2015-05-16)
Y Abe, E Ota, H Harada, H Kanbe, Y Kojima, T Kanazawa, T Endo, M Murakami, M Kobayashi
ABSTRACT

Ritobegron, a selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, is the prodrug of the active compound, KUC-7322. We investigated species differences in its metabolism in vitro and the potential for drug-drug interactions with ritobegron. In rat, dog, monkey, and human liver microsomes, ritobegron was not metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). KUC-7322 was the only metabolite observed. Hydrolysis of ritobegron to KUC-7322 was likely catalyzed by carboxylesterases in human liver microsomes. The maximum velocity of the reaction (V(max))/Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) for hydrolysis of ritobegron to KUC-7322 was much higher in rat serum than those in other species. There were also species differences in the conjugation of KUC-7322. Sulfate conjugates of ritobegron were detected in all species, whereas glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of KUC-7322 were only observed in rat liver subcellular fractions. Ritobegron and KUC-7322 did not affect the CYP-mediated metabolism of probe substrates in human liver microsomes and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1)-, OAT2-, OAT3-, organic cation transporter 2 (OCT-2)-, OCT3-, or organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1)-mediated uptake of probe substrates in S2 cells. Ritobegron, but not KUC-7322, inhibited P-glycoprotein-mediated digoxin transport in Caco-2 cells. Significant uptake of KUC-7322 was observed in OAT3-expressing S2 cells. Therefore, CYP-mediated drug-drug interactions are not likely when ritobegron is administered with CYP substrates or inhibitors. Ritobegron may increase the plasma concentrations of P-glycoprotein substrates, such as digoxin, and the plasma concentration of KUC-7322 may increase when it is administered in combination with OAT inhibitors such as probenecid.

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HEPES, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (T)
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Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, ≥99.5% (GC)
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Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, ≥98.5% (GC)
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Triethylamine, ≥99%
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HEPES, BioXtra, suitable for mouse embryo cell culture, ≥99.5% (titration)
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HEPES, BioXtra, pH 5.0-6.5 (1 M in H2O), ≥99.5% (titration)
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Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., ≥99.5% (GC)
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Nifedipine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
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