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The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Iron, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%

Iron, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Iron, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 4.0mm, inside diameter 3.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iron, rod, 200mm, diameter 25mm, as drawn, 98+%

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, armco« soft ingot 99.8%

Iron, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.85%

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

Iron, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Iron, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.35mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%